LAC OAL, Aa » 4 ae ro wT yah HLA RASS Sa tN it A Ueet dy! beh iailens 2} ea Acs ighas « ‘ ' nt a4 ba yh he he) ae Din ioe vt F whale 1 i oat ae a eter bt, pe i + is ae nc auae rears atcyey S sats He tay a HS af mae ome jee a ne oe ie rare ta" ae Hof an 4 i an ry Ruth Min ‘ aera) ' se ass al hae tare? ‘tae vee . at itil zr st ia | Heaters antares rey ek tat) Wire ay, Ay ath AD ‘4 ‘ ‘ sites f eal ‘ Pas . : ‘ = é : N } Bytst ° | Coke ’ , em 41 i ? ' Verb Tees ; . ‘ , i ; : ’ ' A ’ . J { ] , . ‘ ; ry ‘"h : 7 : v jem) piel aK Mearyz ‘ bh ie Race va a tow & Mee tale table Pane ee : aheten : \ ; A ee Oe tad OES ee mie wi mut? ¥ r . ‘ Viera a "es ‘ Ps Ke sy pth : : fail 1S es they he che Sats \ ' eS clues f ; j : ayatere’s 4 > iy! ‘ LS Toe TE: ‘ ite, 9 poe ee eer ‘ oy eehy .- ove “ *, ’ tu" enh. PF yeh ty ' Lasaty ° ', S + tne Pare oe : ‘ ae) é , re ie ‘; , a f 7 ony y U i) aes ate! a ely Re ry ‘ a a arte rr at ,, aie yf sf : heey hes ‘ teed Hanae he Teta why Sy bd gees ‘eyed ° . enor Pe wine a FPN 9% g + a whe ae a RP ytie faite bee ' ty hee gs : nce Eger igh att erp es ety : aes Mg ‘iby . . os : fae eteing. eter styentee Rll hy - . . ; ; Wen pyiieny ‘A't' ae : pee nye tin get "> rd ; a ‘ xy vty ' : ' ms a: ; Taha be _ ; } Y ; eae Senate pean a \ Aa » TR ai as hh cleat ie bx eht iateaes rice it a SS Lt vino ue i , ont uy PT Eee An i ih Neha y Ae ee rea sine ah . ¥ ore ary ‘Aty wey! Da eee! 5 eats ** ae! ary by 4s. Mel , ‘* ets Dy-a Pie) de Govehey a ri es) be Naas . 3 fags vs ss gg Neyieta ao rts ey ce By OPAC voy se ce oa 3 ater h aie tee Wh ote ae nl aes yee: ae ear 7 i Ms es ‘ : . ‘ ‘ ribet ‘ Poff " } a s+ whe ty . on bade a see 3) E Yate shy od Pay : ° . : oeity sts ~ : “ Jd tes é . relat aT ; ar 5 atid: a 5 A ai he he oe or Laat e+ mS ‘ pi Nee ay hie Maks aide 2 ict * ‘ < ; Y, / Fe Neeetsts | gs us ii eee act be Ea eyed pete he 4 4 a ae of] . ‘ ria, ‘ io amy ¢ it ‘ aes ’ ‘s wthay Se 14 Vou ye Bete a od iA ved? b . rs Share. ht eit ; a“ te ines rE oh TP Vl Bawah BT eat ‘ Pe eae ee me Ptea tee We aah me 24 pee eo P D moe: OP Soly piegiehe ete eee Lista a Rae Bi vecaben ties fants, A inte . “a F ~ - bias Me ted ” eh i Z : : i > « ih idol ea . F " - A : . te ee ee ee Oe 2 art im ies wee . 4 o ae hy 1 ; ‘3 ‘ Mie Pee ents nah rh a RHE ate His se teats Seren ae ii? : ; ‘ ‘ be eben ae ee oe tar Wey Be ie sari ips art eR wee ee iat fet ane 7 oo8 2 e Ot i He Fee bP . ‘ aiyiahs ! iy antes: a A br 4 dette vic tata lah clean inal e Poet ve th, shite Va! o ytd O% fant ais AW od eee ' edt FY wt * é anne tt Pye AAt hy a iains aye See er ae Bleed oct tt a Sas te eee eas ‘ Rott ee sda an 4 Mpa aah 4 ; if ns " ; . Yih ete i fight 1 ' wy ohaag a ~ ‘hy aa peter | hay pe ae rer ity = He ak * bay net Me ee Ti aes ra a ne Mg ea pie Myths + ; Ses rs ah te tat en ee) a ie a, SE dia po ok wo bh Rtad gat ecegaaian aes eee sleet POET, ‘ i » > , hd waar Wee er are 2a ey . A Tit a eailaenie aS EEA alas, as ‘i ae at ; j : ) ‘ ’ hryler ] , . ji rie & aaue ; ey eo aha et eo rite Bag’ fea? Oia a Sita ae = y wr bet) Pat he ai ae i ‘ Se a Bamiat btn apn heb Ass Feds ee Rice ety ney, idan , with ! | 7k : tae fv ee ewes Ph ‘ res lem a) ‘ £ . ates ois ov vy 4oge8 Bi dae “9 a re i: it : i Alve é ee as ata rt " past , . are 7 ; } 2 : : : gy Adbe OU ate te ‘ ' “ * 'y ? ‘ ‘ a8 rey 4 i iste * ~ yer : : i* 7 ae ; ee «dul Tab 4 SE i] te eirgigi ay ‘—s a4) ey : ah ky ey fe ee * ‘ act enee oe Ay ote hinbane ated he Dy iy i ral i i+ hack ybrees a Sutra del ‘ . ‘ * 2 we « , i vy . 4 Owe be tLe hone Arta ie hed 19h ~ 4 , . oa nbs Vie Bs “ anton cs , ; St eae a dale ale ; ane er A eT ae é were ee ees he ry y wat ae said " aed F iat ae | ser PFated 4 . fet eter ate DO veghen, ae .* , a f 4 ; FH sy igh oh she Peete anttet Rateket Ty A fi 40 ite ie ii ) et hia ae SS Ted al then sanb ile ale fetta ef an . . . ; y “ r : ‘ : , , te ia ay Pt og O08 . pat Peay ‘ 5 UI , BS gtgmnbor 4 Lhe high td i ee ; eieteee’ Lee oy j hie : 4 , ' / . ‘ . . ' re A “sas fe rt ee A crore ‘ + Rat aed isfeiit ty oe : ‘ i - b Paved lan icy ais ary 6 Pua a a sear be Hien g* sf. ‘ ; ‘ . ves } : ie - peas Bouue iiie 44 P nen afare vs ee a dare ar ee oy ‘beta Oy. 6 Ot Na 1 nate iy Hl “ & CCaec, Cree, f/¥ oe WOACe , Cx, % THE py NAUTILUS A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF CONCHOLOGISTS. VOL. V. MAY 1891 to APRIL 1892. — oS PHILADELPHIA: Published by H. A. PILSBRY and C. W. JOHNSON. PLV Ci IVR Aw” INDEX ort E. NAUTILUS, eer. Vo INDEX TO TITLES. Acmea candeana vs. Acmea antillarum ; 85 Agriolimax columbianus Gld. formatypicus 31 Agriolimax columbianus Gld. forma maculatus, Ckil. : 31 Agriolimax columbianus Gld. forma nigra : 32 Agriolimax agrestis L. sub. sp. hyperboreus 30 Agriolimax agrestis L. synopsis of the principal jabs ae 70 American Association of Conchologists —. S805 60,30 Anodonta corpulenta Cpr. destructionof . . &9 Antipodean oysters. : ; . : : : 116 Australian slugs : : : : , 11 Baculites compressus, on

4 é : 39 Bythinia tentaculata : ‘ , Pham ais Carychium exiguum mexicanum, n. var. . : é 9 Chondropoma caymanensis, n. sp... ; : 83 Colonization of fresh water shells ! : 133 Cytherea texasiana, n. sp. 134 Do mollusca show change of lima in New igeyanal valle 115 Donations to the United States collection : 80 Donax of Eastern North America. : : : : 125 Edible mollusks, ete. : ‘ : : : 2 Edible shell notes ; ‘ : 25 Kutivela, new subgenus of Micratemt : : a7 Exchanges : ; . 46, 71, 95, 108, 119 Familiar mollusks, Be on : : : bg Florida Helices ' ‘ ‘ : : LES Fluminicola Merriami, n. sp... ; ; é: 143 Fissurella picta, note on. ; ; 82 Fissurellidee of the United States : : , : 102 ill 32422 lv THE NAUTILUS. Fissurellidz, additional U.S. species : : ! 113 Food of snails. ; : : ; . ; : : 107 Food of Limneide . ‘ 94 Galapagos Islands, some types new to ‘the Grins of the 97 General notes. : : 11, 23, 40, 71, 82, 93, 107, 1t6p ee Goniobasis Crandalli, (P1. I], figs. 4, Buy: ; : 39 Helix Hardfordiana Cooper, It ii 12, 138, 14.) ; 40 Helix xanthophaes, n. sp. 5 : 38 Helix (Plagioptycha) Ninhiards, n. Sp. ; 83 Helix aspersa in California : 4 : ; 71 Helix jejuna , ; ; 119 Hewston, Dr. Geo., Co ‘ : 71 Hyalina, description of a new species : ; 10 Jay, John Clarkson, (obituary.) : : : : 95 Land shells of Vancouver Island : 91 Land shells of Cayuga Lake Valley ‘ : 137 Land shells of New Jersey , : ‘ . ‘ 141 Leidy, Dr. Joseph, (obituary) . , : d 12 Leucorhynchia Tryoni Pils. n. sp. . ‘ a 91 Limacella ; : : : o, 21, 53 Limax agrestis L. in Coins ; . 101 Limax agrestis L. on, the Pacific coast —.. : : 92 List of the land and fresh water mollusca collected in Jamaica. ; 52 List of species sailed on ie slanell St. Tiaras , St. Kitts, Barbados, Jamaica, and at Pensacola, Fla., with pre- fatory notes 65 List of shells collected on Rees 1s hens: aie on the Madeira Islands, with prefatory notes , ; 49 Loeal variation : : : 83 Marine mollusks from the Bonthern Gast of Braeil F : 42 Marine pliocene beds of the Carolinas ; ; : 128 Meretrix (Eutivela) perplexa Stearns, n. s. ; : 28 Meretrix (Eutivela) Iheringi, Dall.n.s. . os Mollusks of San Francisco Co., Cal. ; : : . 4, 94 Mollusks in Portland, Oregon market , ; ‘ 58 Mollusks of Spoon River, Ill. . ' : ‘ : 61 Mollusks, new species of , : 142 Mollusks of Dorcheat Bayou, sia Tbe Bistavenn, Lange 109 Mollusks as catfish food. ’ . ; ‘ : 124 THE NAUTILUS. Vv Newcomb, Dr. Wesley, (In Memoriam.) . : ; ‘ 121 Note on Mr. Pilsbry’s “ Article IV ” : : , 58 Orizosoma, new subgenus of Strapeniles “| Paludina japonica, for sale in the San Francisco Ohiitiess Markets. . : é ‘ : ; : : 114 Paludomus Palawanicus, n. & ; ‘ ; ‘ 17 Patella Boninensis, n. sp. . : : ; : : 79 Patula Cooperi, sinistral. . : ; ; i 83 Philomycus. : : ’ ‘ 4, 21, 53 Physa osculans, var. Bab aibeenais n. var. , 9 Planorbis trivolvis, etc. . : : ~ 94,95 Polygyra (Triodopsis) Mullani, var. Binera, n. var. ; 47 Potamopyrgus? Bakeri, n. sp. : : : 9 Preliminary notices of new Mexican shells. : : 8 Prophysaon pacificum. : ; : 31 Prophysaon andersonii, var palliqnae He Var.) |". 31 Publications Received. : ; : : 24, 72, 120, 128 Pupa syngenes. (PI. II, figs. 1, 2) i 4 : 39 Pupa muscorum, Notes on. ; : ! : 45 Pupa Holzingeri Sterki, in Ohio. , : : ‘ 93 Pyrgulopsis? Patzcuarensis, n. sp... 5 ; : 4) Scutellina, use of the generic name. . : é 88 Shells of the Erie Canal. . : : 23 Slugs from British Columbia. . ‘ d ; 2 30 Streptostyla (Orizosoma) tabiensis, n. BP : i 9 Tebennophorus, on the genus. . , eae ey 4 Terebratulina (unguicula Cpr. var 2) inlet CPE a fies, 4,5). . ; 18 Terebratulina unguicula, oo ty pea (PL. I. Biss 6, Oe 18 Terebratula Stearnsii. (PI. I, figs. 1, 2, et : 19 Terebra Stearnsii, n. sp. Japan. : : : 93 ‘Testacella Maugei in Philadelphia. . : ‘ ; 83 Thylacodes meduse, n.sp. Japan. . . ‘ : ; 93 Unio Pilsbryi, n. sp. Arkansas. : ib Unio Pleasii, n. sp. Arkansas. é 2 Unionidez in the Southeastern U. S. icsth of anew: tion of f , : j 15 Unio Singleyanus, n. sp. Florida. , : 29 Unio Ferrissii, n. sp. Florida. ; : : : 30 Unionidz, On the Byssus of ; ihe, a0 vi THE NAUTILUS. Unionide of Eastern Texas, Critical notes on . 74 Unio radiatus and Unio luteolus, Distinguishing charachen eet ; . : 3 gue tt, Unionide, Notes on f . ‘ : ; : ; 86 Unio Oscari, n, sp. Florida. . q : 124 Vaginulus Schivelyz. (PI. I, figs. 6, if 8) : : 39 Vallonia, Notes on North American forms of . ; : 100 Vivipara, New variety of : ‘ 142 Zonites Shimekii. (PI. II, figs. 9, 10, 1) : : 39 Zonites Brittsii, n. sp. : : 5s . 99 INDEX TO CONTRIBUTORS. ooo Adams, Chas. C. : : : : ; 127, 148 Bailey, Albert. ve ; , 23 Banks, Nathan. : : ; ; : : : : ton Beauchamp, Rev. W. M. . : i : 52 Brot, Dr. Aug. ; : 17 Cockerell, T. D. A. . ; LAE SO... CO Par Wm. HH. . : , 10, 13; 26,42, 97, 125, 134 Dean, Geo. W. : : : : ; ney af een 8b Dore, Harry E. ; ; 58 Farrer, W.J. . ; : : é ; : 141 fox wm. J. . d : : : ; ; ; as Johnson, C. W. : : ; ; #322 83.102 fund, Dr. G. D. ; : : : ! 107 Marshall, Wm. B._. : : : f ; 138 Marsh, Wm. A. ; Se oa Pilsbry, H. A. 4, 8,21, 39, 4B, TA, 79, 85, 88, 91, 99°102; 141, 142 Raymond, W. J. : ; : . 04, 101 Rivers, J. J. ‘ ) . : : : iit fies Wm H. . .. . : ; : . | 49, 65 Simpson, Chas. T. : TGS Stearns, R: E. C. 5 : . : Moe raw 20, bad Sterki, Dr. V. . : 73, 84, 90, 94, 95 10r 318, 135 Strode, Dr. W. S. ; : ; ‘ : ; ‘ a Ola 80 Taylor, Rev. Geo. W. se 915-92 Vaughan, T. Wayland : ; : 109, 139 Walker, Bryant ; : ; , 93 Webster, Geo. W. : : : P ‘ 119 Winkley, Rev. Henry W. : , ; . 83, 115 Wood, Williard M. ; ueno4.- O04 sin 4 mrmchitserlin H. . : : , 124 Yates, Dr. Lorenzo G. : ; : : : ; 71 vil mHE NaAvTILus. VOL. Vv, MAY, 1891. No: 1; DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF UNIO, FROM ARKANSAS. BY WM. A. MARSH. Unio Pilsbryi. Shell quadrate, somewhat oblique, plicate, striate, slightly inflated before, compressed behind, very inequilateral, obtusely angular before, sub-biangular posteriorly, valves thick before, thin behind, beaks small and flat. Epidermis dark reddish-brown, without rays. Cardinal teeth compressed, oblique, grooved, double in both valves, lateral teeth long, slightly curved, solid, anterior cicatrices deep, pit-like, granular, posterior cicatrices not very distinct, confluent, nacre dull white. Habitat. Little Red River, Arkansas. Remarks. This species bears some resemblance to U. perplicatus Con., which is abundant in the same stream, but differs in being much flatter, beaks very much smaller, the growth lines much closer ; it also differs in being coarsely striate over the entire surface of the shell; in its undulations it is very different, the plications being very small, and much broken up; in fact, semi-nodulous; from U. undulatus Barnes, which is also abundant in the same stream, it differs entirely in outlines, in the manner and disposition of its folds, color of epidermis, nacre, teeth, etc., ete. I name this shell in honor of Mr. H. A Pilsbry, Conservator Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila., who first called my attention to its specific value. Specimens may be 2 THE NAUTILUS. seen in the United States Collection of the American Association of Conchologists, in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Unio Pleasii. Shell smooth, oval, slightly elliptical, very inequilateral, valves rather thin, somewhat compressed, regularly rounded before, obtusely angular behind, beaks very small and flat, undulations very minute. Epidermis greenish-olive, usually covered with green capillary rays posteriorly, sometimes rayless. Cardinal teeth small, erect, cren- ulate, single in the right, and double in the left valve, sometimes tripartite in left valve; lateral teeth short and slightly curved, an- terior cicatrices deeply impressed, posterior cicatrices very slightly impressed, confluent; nacre varying from pale rose to pale salmon, often silvery white and iridescent. Habitat. Little Red River, Arkansas. Remarks. In general form this shell bears some resemblance to Unio spatulatus Lea, but differs from that shell in being a much smaller and thinner shell, very much more compressed ; its cardinal teeth are entirely different ; it is not spatulate in form, and is very much more inequilateral ; the nacre differs entirely ; the very peculiar character of the females of this species must distinguish it from all others; they are deeply emarginate, very oblique, and sharp pointed posteriorly, bearing some resemblance to the females of Unio conradianus Lea. I name this shell after my friend, Mr. Ellwood Pleas, of Indiana, who collected this species, with many other rare shells, in the interior of Arkansas. Typical specimens of both male and female are in the American Association Collection in Philadelphia. EDIBLE MOLLUSKS, ETC., HERE AND THERE. Mr. Carpenter’s article in the last number of THr NAUTILUS, is fully as entertaining and profitable as his previous communications. It may be his last is a trifle more thrilling, and when this is supple- mented by the usual spice of discrepancy, the picturesqueness is enhanced and the thoughtful reader is for awhile diverted from the plodding habit of careful definition and rational interpretation, and led unconsciously to soar far and wide on the reckless wings of fancy, and revel free and easy, in the salubrious atmosphere of fiction. The author’s loyalty to Rhode Island is certainly commend- THE NAUTILUS. 3 able, and his belief that that illustrious commonwealth is the Banner State of the Union, in the matter of Oysters, Clams, Seallops and earless Cats, and such creature comforts, is heartily appreciated. Iam prepared to wager—in vulgar parlance to bet— a bowl of “clam-chowder” against a “pan-roast,” with Mr. Car- - penter or any other conchologist brother, that the mollusks referred to are abundant and nowhere of better quality than in Rhode Island, and whether I lose the bet or not, in the spirit of fraternal sympathy, to pay the bill; but here, let us “drop a stitch,” as the old ladies do sometimes in their knitting, and pick it up further on; let us leave the realms of romance and come down to the simple facts of terra firma. If Mr. Carpenter will kindly turn to Mr. Keep’s article in the January Nauti us, he will perceive two facts. rst, the title is “Mollusks of the San Francisco Markets.” Not the Edible Mollusks of California. Second fact; nowhere in Mr. Keep’s paper does the word California occur. Yet Mr. Carpenter, in the last three lines of his article, on page 137 (of the April Nauriuus), says: ‘“‘ As we have seen, California has but five species and Maine only four regulars and two occa- sional, while Rhode Island can show eight every day and five irreg- ular as below.” The careful reader will look in vain to see any such statement in Mr. Keep’s paper, and the species enumerated named therein, are such as are usually on the stalls in the San Francisco markets. In addition to those named by Mr. Keep I have occasionally seen, and have purchased, Macoma nasuta, Saxidomus aratus, Acmea patina, Platyodon cancellatus and Haliotis rufescens. The big Cephalopod Octopus punctatus is frequently met with, especially in the Clay Street market, and is a common article of food among the Italians and Portuguese. Another cephalopod, a small ten footed species or squid, is frequently, if not usually, purchasable in the Chinese markets, and dried Abalones or Haliotis meats, are a regular article of food in Chinatown. I have supplemented Mr. Keep’s five species with others that pertain to the San Francisco markets, and do not propose to extend the list by going outside of the territory of that city, and up and down the seven hundred and more miles of the sea board of California, to name the twenty-five or thirty other species, that may fairly be regarded as “ edible clams” and sufficiently abundant as to warrant their inclusion in a list of 4 THE NAUTILUS. species available for food supply, and therefore of commerical importance. Nor have I mentioned species that are ‘‘ occasionally thrown into clam-bakes,” or others that “ were formerly eaten by the ** > *§ Indians.” A comparison in harmony with Mr. Keep’s paper requires a list of those species of mollusks that are ordinarily on sale in the markets of Providence and Newport, and this is what Mr. Carpenter should have given. The space occupied by this criticism, ete., is perhaps out of pro- portion to the importance of the matter criticised; so I will only take up the stitch previously. dropped and in closing express my surprise and astonishment at the effect of Rhode Island “scallop- rims,” on Pawtuxet and East Greenwich cats, tabbies or tommies, not specified, and marvel greatly over the possibility of turning mules into horses by the same kind of fodder. Another and more serious matter is hinted at, for the mollusks of California, Maine and Rhode Island are referred to as “ regulars” and “irregulars.” This has the flavor of war. I have never seen any military clams on the West Coast. I presume the “ regulars ” belong to the standing army, and the “irregulars,’ are to be regarded as militia only. R. EV Css: April Tth, 1891. ON THE GENUS TEBENNOPHORUS BINNEY, OR PHILOMYCUS, RAF. BY H. A@etasBRY. A recent discussion of this genus in the pages of the valuable English magazine, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, is proba- bly of sufficient interest to American conchologists to justify us in reprinting the several articles. Article I. (Ann. Mag. NV. H., Nov., 1890.) Not+s on Slugs chiefly in the Collection at the British Museum. By T. D. A. COCKERELL. THE GENUS Limacella, BLAINVILLE. While working on the slugs at the British Museum I came across the type spec- imens of Limacella lactiformis, Blainville. The two examplesare in a bottle with the label “ ZLimacella lactescens,” and another label, apparently written by Dr. Heynemann, “Original zu Fig. 1, Taf. 7. Fér. Hist. Nat.” They are true THE NAUTILUS. 5 Philomycus, presenting no generic difference from the well-known species of that genus. Heynemann (1884) has referred them to Avzon, but he could not have examined them sufficiently, and was no doubt misled by the figure in Man. de Mal. (1827), pl. xli. That they are really Blainville’s types need not be doubted, as they agree with his figures in outline, and his original description, notwith- standing that he misunderstood the characters of the slug, is sufficient to show that he had not an Avion before him. He refers to the absence of a shell and the genital orifice at the base of the right tentacle. The outline of the figure, and especially the anterior portion of the mantle, suggests at once a Philomycus. The supposed 477on-like mantle indicated in the figures is really due to an outline of some of the internal organs, visible on account of the transparency of the slug. The figures in Journ. de Phys., November,*1817, show how the mistake began, fig. 4 having even a sort of spiral coil in the middle of the anterior part of the mantle, The figure of Z. e/fortiana in Man. Mal. is the same outline, but apparently patched up from an Arion ater, with altogether fictitious rugz on the back. Férussac’s figure is afier one of those in Journ. de Phys., and is fairly recognizable. Altogether I think it must be held that Blainville described and figured his genus Limace//a sufficiently for recognition, and as it antedates Phzlomycus by three years, the name must be used. JLimacel/a, Brard, 1815, need not be con- sidered, as it is identical with Zzmax, Linné,1767. The synonymy of Limacella, Bl., will accordingly stand :— LIMACELLA, Blainville. 1817. Lzmacella, Blainville, ‘“‘ Mém. sur quelq. Moll. Pulm.” Journ. de Phys. Dec. 1817, p. 448 (text), and Nov. 1817, figs. 4, d. 1820. Philomycus, Rafinesque, Ann. of Nat. p. 10. 1820. Lumelus, Rafinesque, Ann. of Nat. p. 10. 1824. Meghimatium, v. Hass. Bull. Univ. Sci. iii. p. 82. 1842. Juctlaria, Bens. Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. p. 486. 1842. Zebennophorus, Binney, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. p. 171. 1864. Pallifera, Morse, Journ. Port]. Soc. i. 8, fig. 5, pl. ili. fig. 6. It does not seem necessary to recognize more than one genus here, though v. Ihering (Nachr. d. m. Ges. 1889) recognizes three—Philomycus, Pallifera, and Meghimatium. FPallifera may be conveniently retained as a subgenus. The species of Limacel/a are as follows :— Limacella lactiformis, Blainv. 1817. Limacella lactiformis, Blainv. Journ. de Phys. Dec. p. 444. 1821. Limacellus lactescens, Férussac, Hist. Nat. Moll. pl. vii. fig. 1. 1825. Limacella elfortiana, Blainv. Man. de Mal. et de Conch. p. 464. This appears to be distinct from any species since recognized. The British Museum types may be briefly described as follows :—42 millim. long; respiratory orifice 7 millim. from anterior border of mantle. Sole, lat. 7 millim. Entirely greyish-white; mantle pellucid, semitransparent, finely granulose. Sole slightly ochreous, unicolorous. A distinct groove round the edge of the foot. Liver pale chocolate. Gray in 1855 (Cat. Pulm. p. 158) has referred this species to PAz/omy'cus. 6 THE NAUTILUS. Limacella carolinensis ( Bosc). Limax carolinensis, Fér. Hist. 77, pl. vi. fig. 3. There are two specimens of this species in the British Museum from Virginia (Dr. J. Wyman), agreeing excellently with Férussac’s figure. This slug is cylin- drical, curved, and zarrow (in alcohol); sole narrow, ground-colour and colour of sole pale yellow, back thickly marbled with brown-grey, and with ¢wo longitu- dinal series of dark egg-shaped spots. Jaw bright-coloured, not ribbed. (De- scription from Brit. Mus. specimens.) Dr. Gray (Brit. Mus. Cat.) also describes Z. carolinensis. Limacella nebulosa. ? Eumelus nebulosus, Raf. Ann. of Nat. 1820. . Tebennophorus carolinensis, Binney, Terr. Moll. U. S. vol. ii. p. 20. This and the last have hitherto been included together under the one name carolinensis, and it iS not without misgivings that I venture to separate them here.* Yet, from the specimens which I have examined, there would certainly seem to be a specific distinction between the northern and southern forms referred to carolinensis in the Eastern United States and Canada. The British Museum ~ contains specimens of 2¢bzlosa as follows :— (1) From Mr. W. G. Binney, labelled 7. cavolinensis.—Ochreous, marbled with black above, the marblings rather inclined to be in three longitudinal series. Sole unicolorous. (2) W. Canada (Dr. Maclagan).—Pale yellow, marbled above with brownish- grey, the markings being a broadish dorsal and narrower lateral brownish- grey bands, with irregular spots over the rest, except sides near foot. Sole unicolorous. (8) Amhurstburgh, Canada West (Dr. O. W. Maclagan).—Like the last, but mottling grey and more diffuse; two narrow dorsal and narrowish lateral bands, rather obscurely indicated in grey. Grey mottling thicker. Ground- colcur pale yellowish. Comparing carolinensis with nebulosa, we note :— (z) The Virginia carolinensis.—Sole narrow, yellowish, pale, without trans- verse strize; body smoothish. (3) nebulosa, 10. 1 above.—Sole broad, brown, with strong transverse striz; body rugose. Or, taking measurements :— (a) The Virginia cavolinensis.—Long. 35 millim., sole, lat. 3 millim. (6) nebulosa, no. | above.—Long. 85 millim., sole, Jat. 74 millim. (c) mebulosa, no. 2 above.—Long. 36 millim., sole, lat. 8 millim. Rafinesque described five supposed species belonging to: Phzlomycus and Eumelus in 1820 as guadrilus, oxurus, flexuolaris, fuscus, and fividus. They * Mr. W. Binney writes (27 /2¢¢. Sept. 9, 1890) :—‘* I am rather sceptical about there being two species . . . . as you say .. . .—there zs a big species of Zeben- nophorus confounded with carolinensis, but having a ribbed jaw.” THE NAUTILUS. if will probably prove to be varieties of #ed.ss/osa or carolinensis, but they have not yet been identified, x x x x % x x x x% x x % x Limacella dorsalis (Binney). Philomycus dorsalis, Binney, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 1842, iv. 174. Pallifera dorsalis, Morse, Journ. Portl. Soc. 1864. N. E. United States. Jaw ribbed. - Limacella Wetherbyi (W. G. Binney). Pallifera Wetherbyi, W. G. Binney, Ann. Lyc. of Nat. Hist. of New York, ere tt ol, pl. ii. figs. 1, 2. © Kentucky. Jaw ribbed. Limacella Hemphilli (W. G. Binney). Tebennorphorus Hemphill, W. G. Binney, Man. Amer. Land-Shells, 1885, p. 247; Third Suppl. Terr. Moll. U. S. 1890, pl. vi. fig. H. Georgia and North Carolina. Jaw ribbed. Article II. (Ann. and Mag. N. ., Feb., 1891.) Critical Notes on the Genus Tebennophorus and the recent literature relating to zt. By Henry A. PILsBRy, Conservator of the Conchological Section, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The slugs of this genus have been commented upon lately by a number of English and continental authors, who have arrived at very different results, it has occurred to the writer that a presentation of the subject by one who has studied the species in their native forests would not be without interest. Firstly, regarding the proper name for the genus. We will consider the several designations in the order of their publication. In 1817 Blainville proposed a genus Zimacel/a with the following characters: ** Body limaciform, entirely naked, provided with a foot as wide as itself, but separated by a groove. *«Orifices of the organs of generation widely separated and communicating be- tween each other by a furrow which occupies the entire right margin of the body.” Blainville refers to his plate ii. fig. v, illustrating the type species, Z. Zact¢formis. A moment’s reflection will convince any competent malacologist that the above description does not indicate 7esennophorus, a slug in which the genital organs have acommon outlet. It cannot be supposed.that Blainville has made a mistake in observation, because in the same paper he describes at length the external anatomy of Veronzcella, and correctly locates the orifices. The figure given is equally non-committal ; so much so that Mr. Cockerell (who supposes Limacella to equal 7ebennophorus) really cites *‘ figures 4, 5’? instead of 5 only*—his inabil- ity to tell Blainville’s figure of Zémacc//a (fig. 5) from that of Veronicella (fig. 4) * That this is not mere inadvertence on Mr. Cockerell’s part is demonstrated by his remarks on Blainyille’s fig. 4 on p. 380 of the ‘ Annals’ for November, 1890. 8 THE NAUTILUS. being evidence enough that the former is not generically recognizable. As to the fact that Mr. Cockerell has found a couple of slugs under the name “ Zimacella lactescens”’ in the British Museum, which he swfoses are the types of Z. /acti- formis, it is absolutely irrelevant to the subject. What evidence is there beyond the merest guess-work that they are Blainville’s types? And even if they were (a most improbable hypothesis !), their mere existence does not constitute publica tion. We have nothing whereby to judge Zimace//asave the original figures and description, and these certainly indicate a type of slug different from 7edennophorus. It may also be noted that the name Zimaced/a is preoccupied, having been used by Brard in {815. If we care to be really consistent we must use Lzmace//a in place of Agriolimax ! The second name for the genus is Phi/omycus, Rafinesque. This genus, says its author, ‘‘ differs from Zzmax by no visible mantle, the longer pair of tentacula terminal and club-shaped, the shorter tentacula lateral and oblong.” Rafinesque describes four species and says there are many more in the United States. Not one of those he described has been identified with any certainty, and only ¢wo species of Zebennophorus occur in the regions visited by him. Rafinesque also describes the genus Humeles—“ differs from Z7max by no visible mantle, the four tentacula almost in one row in front and cylindrical, nearly equal, the smallest pair between the larger‘ones.” Of this genus he describes two species, one of which, £. xebulosus, has been recognized by Mr. Cockerell, whose penetration and facilities have enabled him to identify new or old species which have escaped the observation of specialists on the American fauna. We will not comment on these Rafinesquian genera; those who find slugs corresponding to them should of course use the names. wmeles is especially remarkable, and we would invite the attention of conchologists who hunt slugs (in old collections of museums and elsewhere) to the unusual arrangement of the tentacles in this genus, and to the fact that a number of Rafinesque’s species are still at large. The genus Meghimatium, v. Hasselt, 1824, was founded on a species of this genus from Java, and was quite recognizably described. The names Tebenno- phorus, Binn., and Juczlaria, Benson, were both proposed in 1842, the probable priority being in favour of the first. Morse in 1864 established the genus Pa/ifera for a species with ribbed jaw. This review shows that several names for the genus, more or less certainly applying to it, were proposed anterior to 1842, the date of Zebennophorus. Of these names Phzlomycus and Meghimatium are the only ones available, Hzsmeles and ZLimacella being clearly inapplicable. Since continental authors generally have adopted the name PAz/omycus, it seems advisable to retain that designation for the genus if Zedennophorus must be rejected. , - (To be continued.) PRELIMINARY NOTICES OF NEW MEXICAN SHELLS. BY H. A. BELSBRY. The shells here described were collected by the expedition from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and will be fully described and illustrated in the Proceedings of the Academy. THE NAUTILUS. 9g Orizosoma, new subgenus of Streptostyla. Shell perforated, the columella thickened, simply concave, almost imperceptibly sinuous above. Streptostyla (Orizosoma) tabiensis, n. sp. Shell ovate-turreted, ratber thin, smooth, the base deeply indented and minutely umbilicated; whorls 6, the three earlier distorted ; aperture narrow, 2 the length of the shell, outer lip sinuous; colu-- mella thickened, concave. Alt. 9°8, diam. 4°8 mill. Cave at Tabi, Yucatan. Carychium exiguum mexicanum, n. var. Shell cylindrical; whorls 42; aperture equalling or a trifle ex- ceeding 3 of the total length. Outer lip thickened at and below the middle by a very heavy deposit of callus upon its face; columellar fold subobsolete. Surface delicately striated. Alt. 1°8, diam. °$ mill. Orizaba, Mexico. Physa osculans var. Patzcuarensis, n. var. Shell thin, obconic, broad above, narrow below; spire small, acute, whorls 4, rapidly enlarging ; columella long, vertical, slightly sinuous; color light brown or whitish. No internal lip-rib; surface smooth.. Alt. 15, diam. 11 mill. Lake Patzcuaro, Mexico. Holds the same relation to Ph. osculans Hald. that aneillaria + Parkeri hold toward Ph. heterostropha. The rationale of these bulging, broad-topped forms of Physa is discussed in my paper in ffoc, A. N.S. Phila. Potamopyrgus ? Bakeri, n. sp. Shell slender, elongated, composed of 52 very convex whorls; aperture ovate, its length contained more than three times in the length of the shell. Surface marked by delicate growth-lines, hay- ing low, inconspicuous longitudinal folds, sometimes quite regular and well marked on the upper whorls, and encircled by numerous fine, subobsolete spiral striz. Alt. 4, diam. 1°9 mill. Yautepec, Mexico. Has much the general aspect of Tryonia protea Gld. It is named in honor of Mr. FranxK C. BAKER who collected the specimens. Pyrgulopsis ? Patzcuarensis, n. sp. In general form like P. nevadensis Stearns. Whorls acutely keeled in the middle, convex above the keel, the last whorl obtusely 10 THE NAUTILUS. shouldered above the median keel. Covered with an olive epi- dermis. Surface marked by delicate growth-lines and excessively fine, close spiral strie: Alt. 52, diam. 3 mill; alt. of apert., 2, width 1°3 mill. 7 Lake Patzcuaro, West Mexico. This species is very different from other American Amnicoloids. (To be continued.) DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF HYALINA. BY WM. H. DALL.! Dr. V. Sterki, of New Philadelphia, Ohio, has of late years been giving special attention to the minute forms of Pulmonata, Vertigo, Pupilla, Hyalina, etc. In 1886 he collected a small Zonites, of the section Hyalina or Conulus, which, being submitted to several naturalists, appeared to be a new species, although of remarkably small size. In 1887 a few more specimens were obtained, which he has submitted to me with the request that I describe them. Shell minute, thin, yellowish translucent, brilliant, lines of growth hardly noticeable, spire depressed, four-whorled ; whorls rounded, base flattened, somewhat excavated about the cen- ter, which is imperforate; aperture wide, hardly oblique, not very high, semilunate, sharp edged, the upper part of the columella slightly reflected ; upper surface of the whorls roundish, though the spire as a whole isdepressed. Max. diameter 0.044 inch (line a—n, Fig. 1); alt. 0°026 inch. This little shell is clearly not the young of a Pupilla or of any of our other small Zonites. It is certainly the smallest American species. . parvula Rang, from Cape Verde Islands, has a Sy little less diameter, but is higher in the spire. aS bes pygmea and H. minutissima Lea are decidedly wr) larger, besides belonging to a different group. It is probably one of the smallest species known, and remarkable for its imperforate umbilicus. 1 From Proceedings U. S. National Museum, vol. xi, 1888, p. 214. THE NAUTILUS. i It was collected on a grassy slope, inclining to the northward, and covered with grass, moss, and small bushes, and so far has not been found anywhere else. Its permanent place in the system will, of course, be determined by an examination of the soft parts, which remains to be made. GENERAL NOTES. Owing to continued illness in his family, Mr. CAMPBELL, President of the American Association of Conchologists, has been unable to con- tribute the monthly reports on Association affairs. He hopes to resume them in the June issue. Mr. C. W. Jounson, Junior Editor of the Naurrius, and Mr. Wm. Fox, of the Academy of Natural Sciences, have spent the month of April in that paradise of land snails, Jamaica. They will return about the middle of May, and doubtless bring with them hosts of shells and insects. The personal interest felt by younger students in their predeces- sors in science, is our excuse for clipping the following from a re- cent letter : “Tn the March number of the Nauririus, Mr. Roper said that Mr. Mayo was probably the oldest student of conchology in America. Mrs. Mary B. ALLEN KiNG, of Rochester, N. Y., is 92 years old, having been born in January, 1799. She has studied and collected shells before Mr. Mayo (whom she met at one time) did; and has corresponded with most of the U. 8. Conchologists. She was elected-a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1886, at the Buffalo meeting.” —A. M. K. AUSTRALIAN Stucs.—Mr. Charles Hedley exhibited and offered some remarks on specimens of Vaginula leydigi, Simroth, and V. hedleyi, Simr., two interesting slugs from Brisbane, recently added to the molluscan fauna of Australia (vide Zoologischer Anzeiger, 1889, p. 551; and Abstr. in Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc., 1890, p. 21). These slugs are very abundant in the Brisbane botanical gardens, occurring also in lawns and gardens in that part of the city which was formerly scrub land. After a shower they may be collected in abundance, crawling rapidly over the asphalt paths and the grass. V. leydigi is much commoner than V. hedleyi, which it resembles in shape, size and habits, but from which its coloration distinguishes it in all stages of its growth, the former being a blackish-brown with 12 THE NAUTILUS. atawny yellow dorsal stripe, the latter a dark form without any stripe. These molluscs are the first real representatives of their genus found in Australia, the only Vaginula previously known here, V. australis, Heyneman, belonging to that trigonal group which embraces V. prismatica, Tapparone-Canefri, from Dutch New Guinea, V. touwrannensis, Souleyet, from Cochin-China, and V. trigona, Semper, from the Philippines, constituting a natural but as yet unnamed genus. He also took the opportunity of pointing out that he had submitted specimens of Limaz queens- lundicus, Hedley (P. BR. 8. Q., Vol. V, p. 150, pl. 5), to Dro Sim- roth, who had determined them to be Agriolimax levis, Muller. This species is probably the slug (Journ. des Mus. Godeff., XII, p. 159) mentioned under the name of L. rarotonganus, Heyn., as occur- ring in Australia. Few if any land molluscs range so widely, since, under different names by various authors, this form has been re- corded from Europe, North and South America, the West Indies, Madagascar, and many islands of the Pacifie—VFrom advance proof sheet Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Australia, Dec., 1890. Dr. JosEPH LEIDY. Professor JosEPH Lrtpy, M. D., LL. D., the eminent scientist, died at his home in Philadelphia on April 30th, 1891. Dr. Leidy was born in Philadelphia, Sept. 9, 1823. His ancestors on both sides were Germans, from the valley of the Rhine. His taste for natural history was exhibited at a very early age, and when a mere boy he collected and studied minerals and plants. _ His father pro- posed for him the career of an artist, but so absorbed was the boy in anatomical and natural history studies that, with the encourage- ment of his mother, at the age of seventeen he began the study of medicine, graduating in 1844. In 1845 he was appointed Prosector to the Chair of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Leidy’s first scientific work was a paper on the anatomy of Litorina, published by the Boston Society of Natural History. In 1844 he began, at the instance of Dr. Amos Binney, to study the anatomy of land snails. The result is seen in his beautiful anatomical draw- ings in the first volume of Binney’s “Terrestrial Mollusks,” and in the chapter on special anatomy written by him. In 1845 Dr. Leidy was elected a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. He has been closely connected with this institution THE NAUTILUS. ill in various official positions ever since, and has been its President since 1880. Dr. Leidy published very extensive memoirs on verte- brate paleontology, on Rhizopods (a truly magnificent quarto vol- ume), on the anatomy of Insects, and especially on Entozoa and Vermes generally. Indeed, nearly every branch of zoological lit- erature has received valuable additions at his hands. His work is so many-sided that in the broadest sense of the word, Dr. Leidy may be called a Zoologist. He was an honored member of many scientific societies in both hemispheres, and had received substan- tial tokens of the value of his work from the Boston Society (Wal- ker Prize, $1000), the Geological Society of London (Lyell Medal), and other learned bodies. In his private relations Dr. Leidy was of a most kind and help- ful disposition. He had an almost morbid dislike of contention of any kind. The loss to American zoology is irreparable. ed nt NS geet tee rene et THE NAUTILUS, 189". PL We ile il mtn Ho MALS LEO STEARNS’ JAPANESE BRACHIOPODA. [HE NAUTILUS. VOL. v. JUNE, 1891. No. 2. ON THE MEANS OF DISTRIBUTION OF UNIONIDA IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES. BY CHAS. T. SIMPSON, WASHINGTON, D. C. In the March number of the Nautiius Mr.8. Hart Wright in some notes on the distribution of Unionide in the Southeastern United States thinks it remarkable that many of the species of Georgia and the Carolinas should be found in Southern Florida, and that they should pass from one stream to the other. I think when we fully consider all the conditions of environment of these mollusks it will be easy to understand how they have migrated. The region is one of excessive rainfall. Over a wide area of territory bordering on the Gulf and the Atlantic it is nowhere less than 45 inches a year, ranging up to 75 inches in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras. North of latitude 30° the most of this moisture falls during the winter and early spring. South of somewhere near that line the regular dry and rainy seasons of the tropics set in, and nearly all the precipitation occurs in June, July and August. Of course these conditions vary somewhat with different seasons and under different circumstances, but as a rule in any part of this area the greater amount of the annual rainfall occurs within a limited period, producing extensive floods. It is well known that all the region indicated, or at least a wide belt of it extending along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, is exceedingly low and flat, consisting for the most part of level, sandy plains, rising as a rule but a few feet above, and alternating with swampy streams. 16 THE NAUTILUS. Having thus outlined the physical conditions of their environment, it may perhaps be well to speak of the manner in which the Unionide migrate from one locality to another. The number of young produced by the species of this family is simply enormous. Lea counted some 600,000 perfectly formed embryos in the ovaries of an Anodonta undulata, and estimated that a female Unio multiplicatus contained no less than 3,000,000 shells. It is believed that these young bivalves sometimes attach them- selves to fishes and are thus carried from place to place; no doubt others are taken up in mud on the feet or feathers of aquatic birds, and may survive a short transit through the air, and certainly they might be swept from stream to stream across the country dur- ing the time of floods, when almost the entire surface of that level area is covered with water, in many places flowing with a rapid current. During the rainy seasons in South Florida I have repeat- edly seen the whole country a sheet of water, with myriads of fish swimming in every direction among the palmettoes and over the fields. That the Unionide are carried out over the land is, I think, proved by the fact that I have found Unio obesus existing in great numbers in low places and drains in the piney woods of South Florida, at quite a distance from any stream, where there was not a drop of water outside of perhaps three months of the rainy season, and where during the remaining nine months of the year they must have lain dormant in slightly damp sand. I have dug these unios alive out of such sand banks in such places, and during the dry season, by the bushel. It is a well-known fact and one which seems to me much more strange than the migration of unios across such a country, that. artificial ponds and reservoirs often become densely peopled with the Naiades, even when their outlets are altogether too insignificant in size to be a residence for these molluscs. In such cases it would seem most probable that aquatic birds had been the means of such distribution, and possibly in rare instances they may have been lifted from their original homes and carried by cyclones. But once having reached the lower part of the St. Johns River, I cannot conceive of any difficulty mollusks would encounter in . spreading toward its sources. The stream is really little more than a freshwater estuary for a long distance from its mouth, and has but a few feet of fall throughout its entire length. Let any of the Unionide be placed in any part of a stream and if the conditions THE NAUTILUS. I af are favorable they will migrate against the current as well as with it. Any one who has ever collected these mollusks at all extensively will notice their furrows on sandy or muddy bottom, often extending for forty or fifty feet, and made apparently without any regard to the direction of the stream. I am led from my observations to believe that most’ of the unios if placed in favorable conditions would migrate over considerable stretches of water in a comparatively short period. PALUDOMUS PALAWANICUS, n. sp. BY DR. AUG. BROT, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. T. imperforata, globoso-turbinata, solidula, fusco-olivacea non- nunquam obscure flammulata., Spira breviter exserta, subintegra, sed superficialiter erosa ; anfract. 42-5, rapide crescentes, valde con- vexi, vix infra suturam submarginatam paulo planulati, sub lente tenuissime spiraliter striati et striis incrementi subgranosa decussati, striis infra suturam et ad basin postioribus, filiformibus. Anfractus ultimus magnus, basi striis elevatis filiformibus nonnulli distantibus, ornatus. Apertura ampla, late ovata, intus fusco-brunnea, margine dextro subserrato, vix incrassato, intus albo limbato; columella incrassata, alba, callo parietali albo crasso. Operculum ? Alt. 19 mm., lat. 17 mm.; apert. alt. 18 mm., lat. 10 mm. Habit. I. Palawan, Philippines (legit E. L. Moseley). Shell globose with a short exserted spire, moderately thick, dusky-olivaceous, sometimes with irregular translucent interrupted flames. Spire short, almost entire, but superficially eroded. Volu- tions 42—5, very convex, slightly flattened under the suture, which is finely marginated, covered with fine spiral unequal striz, and decussated by the lines of growth; last whorl globose, with some distant filiform striz at the base and along the suture. Aperture wide, ovoid, inside dusky-brown, sometimes with one or two narrow pale bands; columella thickened, white; outer lip obscurely ser- rated, slightly thickened inside, white at the margin. This interesting new shell, although the operculum is unknown, belongs certainly to the genus Paludomus and is, I believe, the first species of the genus mentioned from the Philippines. It cannot be 18 THE NAUTILUS. confounded with any other; it might be compared only to Paludo- mus lacunoides Aldrich, from Borneo, but that species is larger, heavier, has a more elevated spire, less tumid volutions, and is entirely smooth, not to speak of the characteristic peculiar structure of its umbilical area. The Paludomus Palawanica was collected by Mr. E. L. Moseley in a brook about ten miles from Puerto Princesa in the Island of Palawan, Philippine Archipelago. TEREBRATULINA (UNGUICULA CPR. VAR?) KIIENSIS, DALL AND PILSBRY. ? T. unguicula Cpr. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 201, figs. 1-4. ? T. caput serpentis, var. unguiculata Dav. ‘Trans. Lin. Soc. iv, p. 25, 1886. Terebratulina sp. Dav. Challenger Brach. p. 36, pl. 1, fig. 10, 1880. Habitat: Phillippines, in 82 fathoms N. E. from Mindanao, Chall. Exp. ; Coast of Province Kil, Japan, Stearns; N. W. coast of America, various authorities including Carpenter, Dall, Whit- eaves, etic. ; Among the shells collected by Mr. Stearns in Japan, and sent to Mr. Pilsbry for identification, is a coarsely radiately striated Terebratulina which has been carefully studied, but in the absence of more material, cannot be finally pronounced upon. It appears to be the adult of a form of which a young specimen was submitted by Dr. Davidson in 1879 to Mr. Dall for examination and which had been collected by the Challenger Expedition. It was not named at that time in view of the fact that it was obviously young, and the number of nominal East Asian Terebratulinas ob- viously too great for the known species. This shell is sculptured like 7. wnguicula Cpr. and the larger the specimen, the more wnguicula seems to resemble the Japanese form. T. unguicula under the name of caput-serpentis has been recognized already in Japan, by Davidson. The present form differs from the largest wnguwicula with which we have been able to compare it in the following particulars. It is larger and proportionately somewhat wider and the beak propor- tionately shorter, much such differences as would come about by increased size in such a species as wnguicula. If more material should prove that the supposed variety cannot be connected with unguicula, the varietal name can be taken as specific. The specimen THE NAUTILUS. 19 noted measures 44 mm. in total length ; 38°5 mm. in the length of the hemal valve; 40 mm. in maximum width and 21°5 mm. in maximum diameter. It is waxen white with extraneous brown stains and has no anterior flexure. Davidson’s figure of Tr. Crossei (Trans. Lin. Soc. IV, pl. 3, fig. 6) resembles it, but is more faintly sculptured and less transverse.— W. H. D. and H. A. P. EXPLANATION OF PLATE I. _ Figs. 1, 2,3. Terebratula Stearnsii Dall & Pilsbry. “ 4,5. Terebratulina var. Kiiensis Dall & Pilsbry. Oy F. Mi unguicula Cpr., typical, a large specimen. ON THE YOUNG OF BACULITES COMPRESSUS SAY. BY AMOS P. BROWN, PHILADELPHIA. The young of Baculites compressus Say has been recently dis- covered by me in some cretaceous marl from the vicinity of Dead- wood, South Dakota. Associated with them in the same material were several species of Baculites, Scaphites and Inoceramus. The in length from 1 to 3 cm., with a diameter of 0'4 to2 mm. Other larger fragments with the spiral end broken off were found from 20 THE NAUTILUS. 15 to 6 cm. in diameter. An examination of the form of the septa and suture lines showed the forms to belong to the Ammonitide, and by the examination of an extensive series it was possible to determine the genus and species. The shell originates in a spiral of two to two and one-half turns, ranging in breadth from 0°8 to 1 mm. thence it extends in a straight line, tangent to the spiral (figure 1) or sometimes slightly reflexed (figure 2). The straight portion of the shell rapidly increases in diameter from 0°38 to 0°40 mm. at the spiral, to about 1°5 to 2 mm. at 2 cm. length. Many shells were covered by the nacreous shell substance, some being preserved entire, figure 2, while in others the shell had been dissolved away leaving the suture lines exposed as in figure 1. On breaking away the pearly exterior of forms like figure 2 it was found that the last chamber occupied about one-half the length of the shell. The shell of the outer whorls somewhat envelops the inner so that from the outside view the exact form of the spiral cannot be measured ; it was found, however, to closely approximate the mathematical curve known as the hyperbolic spiral. That the spiral origin of this shell was not smaller than that of allied genera was demonstrated by grinding cross sections of the shell of Scaphites Conradi Morton; the first two turns of its spiral being 1 mm. in breadth. The siphon in Baculites is excentric and was found to lie near the outer margin of the spiral, being easily seen in the fractured spirals. The species was determined from an examination of the form of the sutures which may be traced from the simple form of that of figure 1, through forms of gradually increasing complexity shown in figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, the latter being the typical sutures of the adult of Baculites compressus Say. In figure 5, an individual of 6 mm. diameter, the suture of the aduit form is already well out- lined, the specific distinction, the two deep sinuses on the right hand, being well marked. I have been unable in the literature of, the subject to find any reference to this spiral termination of Baculites, and believe the observation to be new. That this spiral termination has not been formerly observed is not strange in view of its small size and frag- ile character, it being probably broken off long before the shell had attained adult size; and it would only be preserved when as in the present instance the shells were preserved in their immature condition. This observation tends to prove that Baculites origi- THE NAUTILUS. | nated from a coiled form, and is not as supposed by some palzeon- tologists the original form of the Ammonitide, but is rather to be louked upon as an uncoiled form developed from originally coiled parents. ON THE GENUS TEBENNOPHORUS BINNEY, OR PHILOMYCUS, RAF. (CONTINUED.) BY H, A. PILSBRY. Article III. (Ann. Mag. N. H., March, 1891.) Letter from Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell to Eds. Ann. Mag. N. H. The Genus Limacella. On pp. 184-186 of the February number Mr. Pilsbry has some remarks on the genus 7ebennophorus or Limacella, to which I may perhaps be }.ermitted to reply, taking his several points in order. (1) That plate of Blainville’s has certainly received bad treatment. The figures have been inaccurately copied; Férussac quoted it wrongly ; and now, as Mr. Pilsbry has shown, I also have erred with regard to it! There are two figures iy., labelled respectively 1 and 2. Fig. 2is obviously Veronzcel/a, but fig. 1, for which alone my reference was intended, looks like Zzmaced/a, though from Blainville’s text it is clearly intended for Veronzcella also. I quite agree with Mr. Pilsbry that fig. iv. no. 1 might or might not from its appearance be of the genus under discussion ; and as it is stated to be Ver- onicella, there apparently remains no doubt that my reference of it to Lim- acella was erroneous. [I am still of the opinion, however, that fig. v. rep- resents the genus Americans writers call Zebennophorus. (2) There is, I think, no doubt about the slugs I described being Blainville’s types; nor are these the only British-Museum slugs described by Blain- ville. The Museum is mentioned in the original paper. (3) It is very difficult to say whether inaccuracy of description, when there is no doubt what was intended, ought tocondemna name. If so, there will have to be considerable slaughter of the genera described by early authors, or, for that matter, by some recent ones. Phz/omycus, which Mr. Pilsbry thinks might be adopted, was also inaccurately defined. So farasis known there is no slug in existence really agreeing with the original descriptions of Limacella or Philomycus taken literally. (4) Limacella, Brard, if it is anything, is Zzmax of modern authors, not Agrio- limax. But a genus founded for the she//s only of species of the Linnean Limax cannot be recognized as valid, and the only authors who have adopted it are Dr. Jousseaume (1876) and Dr. Turton. The former writes Limacella for Limax auctt., and Limax for Arion; while Dr. Tur- 29 THE NAUTILUS. ton (1831) kept the name for the shells of Zzmax and allied genera, though spelling it Zzmeacellus, We are told, for instance, that Lzmacellus parma, Brard, is “ found in the Limax maximus,’ as though it were a sort of parasite ! (5) I think it nearly certain that my Ziémacel/a nebulosa is Rafinesque’s species £., nebulosus ; but if so, of course that author described itincorrectly. Mr. Pilsbry will observe that I have given the reference with a query. While on the subject, it may be well to mention that there is a figure and de- scription of Lzmacella lactiformis (as £lfortiana) in Knight’s ‘ Pictorial Museum of Animated Nature,’ vol. ii. and fig. 2598. The figure is very bad, being a rough copy of that in Man. de Mal.; but the generic description, so far as it goes, is accurate. T. D. A. COCKEREDL: 3 Fairfax Road, Bedford Park, Chiswick, W., February 3, 1891. Article IV. Bye. A. PItspry. In concluding I wish simply to emphasize a few points upon which both Mr. Cockerell and myself have already touched. (1) That Blainville’s figures are so poor that Mr. Cockerell could not tell his Veronicella from his Limacella, but repeatedly confused them in his first article. Blainville’s description most certainly indicates Vaginulus rather than Tebennophorus, as anyone can see by reading the translation of it given in my article. We can allow for some inaccuracy in descriptions by early authors, but we cannot suppose that when they say “black” they mean “ white.” (2) As to Limacella, Brard. The name as used by Brard covers species of both Limax and Agriolimax. Since the Limaces are already provided with a name, why should we not adopt “ Lima- cella” for the other species, namely the Agriolimax, as has been done in scores of similar cases? Still I do not care to advocate the use of “ Limacella” for any group, as no definition worthy of accept- ance has been given of it. (3) As to the Limacella nebulosa (Raf.?) Ckll., I do not see how it is to be separated from carolinensis as that species is figured by Férussac. The characters given by Mr. Cockerell are wholly insufficient. Why does he not tell whether the jaw is ribbed or smooth? We would then have some clue of value. Measurements taken from variously and generally badly contracted museum spec- imens of slugs are practically of but little use. | THE NAUTILUS. 23 (4) Mr. Cockerell truly says that Philomycus like Limacella was inaccurately defined by Rafinesque. It would be well for us to adopt Fischer’s course, and write “ Philomycus Férussac, 1821.” Férussac fixes the identity of the genus with certainty by including the species carolinensis, which he describes and figures very well. Nore. The writer desires to make a more careful study of the species of Philomycus (Tebennophorus), and will be glad to receive specimens. ‘They are best if prepared by drowning in a vessel of water from which air has been excluded. ‘Transfer to alcohol (or whiskey) and water, the former slightly in excess. They may then be sent safely by mail in an ordinary box, if removed from the spirit and wrapped in paper or muslin wet with spirit—H. A. P. GENERAL NOTES. Mr. Henry HeEmpuitt has left San Diego for a summer in the north. SHELLS OF Erte Canau.—Taking advantage of the annual spring cleaning of the Erie canal, I spent one day in April of the present year collecting mollusks between Ilion and Utica with the following results : Unio Tappanianus Lea, ‘ 4 350 specimens. Unio rubiginosus Lea, : : 15 > Unio luteolus Lam., : QF “ Unio complanatus Sol., : : 38 Margaritana marginata Say, : 1 ee Margaritana undulata Say, ; 18 tf Margaritana rugosa Barnes, ; ; 28 c Anodonta edentula Say, ; , 24 - Anodonta subcylindracea Lea, :; ; 6 a Anodonta Lewisii Lea, f : : 91 Ms Physa heterostropha Say, ; ’ 150 : Campeloma decisum Say, ; 46 ¢ Goniobasis Virginica Gmelin, 379 as Vivipara contectoides W.G. Binney, . 5 . Planor bis trivolvis Say, : , : 8 4 Spherium striatinum Lam., . ; ; 12 5 Limnea catascopium Say, . 2 ‘ All were collected without a ara eh ort Bailey, Chepachet New York. D4 THE NAUTILUS. The late Epwarp R. Mayo of Boston left no will, but his. chil- dren have generously donated his valuable conchological collection to the Boston Society of Natural History —E. W. R. CoLLECTION FOR SALE.—We learn that the Collection of Dr. Hartman is for sale, together with his Conchological Library and other works on Natural History. The Collection embraces about 8000 species of Marine, Terrestrial and fresh-water shells of the best quality, many of which are rare and difficult to obtain. ALI parts of the world are represented in this Collection, which has taken a period of forty years to accumulate. They are all correctly named and many are mounted. Inquiriesshould be addressed to Dr. W. D. Hartman, West Chester, Penna. PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. Mo.uusca oF SANTA BARBARA Co., CAL., etc., by Dr. Lorenzo G. Yates. A useful contribution to our knowledge of the distribu- tion of West Coast shells, is this extensive local catalogue. We note a number of errors in nomenclature, such as the retention of the name “ sanguineus” for the common Leptothyra, etc., but such defects do not really diminish the usefulness of the list. The following are described and figured as new: Venus Fordii Yates, Vertagus Lordi Yates, Vermiculus Fewkesi Y ates. Breaks OF UNIONIDH * * or ALBANY, N. Y., by Wm. B. Mar- shall (Bull. N. Y. State Mus. II, p. 170) A careful and well illustrated study of the undulations of the beaks in Unionide, with especial reference to the distinguishing marks of the various species. This excellent work should be studied by all interested in Unionidae, and extended by observers in various parts of the country. We have elsewhere expressed the opinion that excellent group characters, as well as specific characters are furnished by the beaks.—H. P. mE NAUTILUS. Vot. v. JULY, 1891. No. 3. EDIBLE SHELL NOTES, FOR THE NAUTILUS. BY ROBT. E. C. STEARNS. In addition to the species of edible mollusks in the San Francisco markets heretofore noted by Professor Keep and myself, a recent letter from Mr. W. M. Wood of San Francisco informs me that “ Tivela crassatelloides is very often sold in the San Francisco markets especially the ‘California Market’ so-called. I bought quite a lot of them a couple of weeks ago. They were of huge size about six inches in length. I observed they had some five hundred, or so behind the counter, for sale. The proprietor of the fish stall told me they were brought up from the vicinity (shore) of San Luis Obispo county. Near Fort Point (on the entrance to San Francisco Bay) known as ‘ Fort Winfield Scott’ the soldier’s boys at the Presidio go out near the fort and dig Schizotherus Nuttalli, with which their mothers make clam-chowder or clam-pies. In fact I have collected them myself.” What good mothers! Schizotherus Nuttalli beats any clam yet discovered for chowder, soup or pies. It is nearly like an oyster in consistency, has a very small foot, the proportion of hard or tough muscle being rauch less than in Mya arenaria ; the mere memory of the soups and chowders I have eaten at various times, where Schizotherus was the grand staple, is like a gleam of sunshine through a London fog, and worth having; it is a noble and estimable clam. The California Indians, as well as those further north around Puget Sound, know them well and like ’em. In this conchological respect, I appreciate the red man’s malacological taste and judgment. Schizotherus burrows 26 THE NAUTILUS. pretty deep, and sometimes weighs over a pound, which considering that the shells are usually rather thin and consequently light in weight, shows that the soft parts or edible portion is a jolly good junk of nutritious aliment, fit for the best conchologists on earth, and their friends also, without regard to age, sex or condition. Un- like Mya arenaria and Panopea generosa, the end of the double siphon tube or sleeve is protected by two hard, valvular pieces. The siphons are not as long in proportion as in Mya arenaria nor does it ever reach the dimensions of Panopea ; the latter sometimes attains the weight of fifteen or sixteen pounds, and from tip of extended siphons to the opposite end, measures three feet. It will easily be seen, that it is no small job to dig out one of these deep burrowing fellows. The “meat,” is very nice when parboiled and fried in batter, and as tender as a humbird’s eye. Bathymetrically their station is so low or deep, that is to say usually that they are not to be procured except at very low tides. Around Puget Sound they are called ‘“Geoducks,” and they are really a delicious article of food, and a truly noble bivalve. Tivela crassatelloides makes a good chowder or soup and is justly held in high esteem, being highly estimable and of good character among its fellows of the edible mollusea, but it is more of a “ mus- cular Christian” than the others, and not so well adapted for frying or for pies. It is abundant at many places along the southerly coast of California, and at low tide can be plowed up in great numbers. Washington, June 9, 1891. ON A NEW SUBGENUS OF MERETRIX, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF 1WO NEW SPECIES FROM BRAZIL. BY W. HeepaLL. The shells which have passed under the name of Sunetta Link (1807, type Donax scripta L.) and Tivela Link (type Venus corbi- cula L.),—otherwise Meroé of Schumacher (1817) and Trigona Megerle (or Pachydesma Conrad), so far as the hinge is concerned occupy in the Meretricine much such a place as Venus (mercenaria and its allies) occupies in the sub-family Venerine of the Veneride. In both the subligamentary area is elevated and corrugated or trans- versely striated so that in some cases it is hardly to be termed a tooth. In both Sunetta and Tivela the shell is nearly equilateral as . THE NAUTILUS. 27 regards the beaks, sub-trigonal and with a small rather rounded pallial sinus indicating short siphons. Both have compressed and inflated species; in both the epidermis in fresh specimens is con- spicuous. Sunetta differs from such species of Meretrix (or Cytherea) as M. ovum Hanley chiefly by the impressed lunule, excavated escuteheon, and crenulated margin of the valves. In both the subligamentary ridge is transversely striated. Allowing for the mechanical differ- ences due to the differences in form of the cardinal margin, the hinge is essentially the same, and both have the shallow pallial sinus. On the cther hand in Tivela we have the cardinal margin and also the entire basal margin of the valves of Meretrizx, while the hinge differs in that the subligamentary ridge or furrow is radiately coarsely rugose, instead of transversely regularly striate. There are flat species and inflated species as in Sunetta. On the southeastern coast of South America there seems to be a group hitherto unrecognized which to the general characters of Tivela in regard to form, pallial sinus and hinge, unites the crenulated margin of Sunetia. ‘To this section the name of Eutivela may be applied. Tivela (or Pachydesma) crassatelloides Conrad, of California, has the gills small, double on each side (W-fashion) dark flesh-color ; the _ heart is orange colored, pulsating once in ten seconds; the mus- cles are reddish, the mantle dark flesh-color with the edge waxen, wrinkled transversely; the foot is hatchet-shaped, livid, with a swollen, wrinkled flesh-colored basal edge, the sides below the body compressed, vertically wrinkled and granulose; the body is livid flesh-color, the liver brown, the organ of Bojanus yellow; the palpi are small, single and bifid on each side; both siphons are white with black dots at the end, the incurrent granulose and the excurrent shorter, plain-edged and smaller ; they are joined together for nearly all their length. The intestine is white and there is at the entrance of the stomach a curious cartilaginous translucent hollow organ through which the food must pass, difficult to describe in words, the lid or upper part of which has the form (—~— >) of a bracket, while the whole is somewhat T-shaped, or perhaps vasiform. The whole thing is about 6 mm. in longest diameter and resembles an internal mandibular apparatus more than a gizzard; at least its size would seem to be insufficient for an organ of the latter kind. I have not been able to examine specimens of the smaller Tivelas with the soft parts or to get any light on the features of the soft parts of Sunetta. 28 THE NAUTILUS. MERETRIX (EUTIVELA) PERPLEXA Stearns, n. s. Shell waxen-white, porcellaneous, covered with a greenish-yellow epidermis recalling that of Iphigenia brasiliensis or Mactra ponder- osa Jan. The surface under the epidermis is smooth or marked with lines of growth only. The figure sufficiently illustrates the other characters of the shell. The specimen figured measures 45 mm. long by 33 in height and 23 in diameter. There is an impressed lanceolate lunule 15 mm. long and about 4°5 mm. in greatest width. Asin Tivela there isa prolongation forward, between the beaks, of the dark epidermal coating of the ligament; forming a blackish lanceolate area in front of the beaks about 5 mm. long, resembling the dark area Hutivels perp) ose ates. in Arca. This and the rugose subligamentary ridge are reminiscences of the period when the ances- tors of Tivela had a more archaic type of hinge. ‘There is no defined escutcheon. The soft parts in alcohol present several differences when com- pared with Tivela crassatelloides. The gills are double, as in that species, but proportionately much larger and broader ; the edges of the mantle are double with a groove between them ; in both species they are open from the sinus to the anterior adductor ; there are no papille or granulations in E. Ther- ingi; the foot is elongated, linguiform, and sharp-edged, without sulci or granulations; the palpi are large and distinctly paired on each side instead of being partially fused ; the siphons are extremely short but rather large, the incurrent with several ranks of rather elongate tentacular processes, the excurrent with a single row of obvious papille; the siphons have blackish maculations toward their ends and are joined for most of their length on the adjacent sides. From the dark color of the tissues in alcohol, they were prob- ably reddish or, at least, not white in life. On a single shell of many, are two small brown macule, so that the species may sometimes be colored with brown markings. But the differences of proportion and of solidity which seem to be very constant, forbid us to unite the present species with EH. Ihering. This species was dredged by the U. 8. 8. Albatross in several places off the mouth of the Rio La Plata in 10-15 fathoms, muddy bottom, associated with Pectunculus and sundry Nuculide. it v u tpesorene vet THE NAUTILUS. 29 MERETRIX (EUTIVELA) JHERINGI! Dall, n. s. Shell thinner, more equilateral and more elongate than FE. per- plexa, waxen-white with more or less interrupted rays of brown ex- tending from the beaks toward the margin, modified by whitish zig- zags. The exterior is smooth, with a well marked epidermis and faint, obscure radiations corresponding to the interior marginal cren- ulations. The interior of the beaks and the cardinal re- gion on both sides of them below the margin more or \ less marked with purplish \ brown. The lunule is nar- oe WS lanceolate and faintl a ar row lanceolate and faintly SS ae wy impressed. The figure illus- : a trates the characters of the pee cingt Dall. single valve upon which the species 1s founded, which measures 41 mm. long, 27 high, while the double diameter would be about 18 mm. It is named in honor of Dr. H. von Ihering, from whom it was received, and by whom it was collected on the beach near Santa Caterina in southeastern Brazil in about latitude 26° south. 7G tt a eet s DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF UNIO FROM FLORIDA. BY WILLIAM A. MARSH. Unio Singleyanus. Shell smooth, oval, slightly depressed, inequilateral ; valves rather thick, squarish before, rounded behind; beaks smail and flat ; epidermis yellowish-brown, shining, with or without rays, usually rayless. Cardinal teeth crenulate, oblique, single in right valve, double in left. Lateral teeth short and straight ; anterior cicatrices small, deep, not confluent, posterior cicatrices confluent, slightly im- pressed ; nacre white, iridescent. Habitat. A small creek near Pilatka, Florida. Remarks. Seven shells of this species were sent to me by T. L. Cunningham a number of years ago. This species belongs to the parvus group, but differs very much from any other member of that group in the yellowish color of its epidermis, in its peculiar outline and much flattened form of the females. Some specimens are coy- 30 THE NAUTILUS. ered with rays, others without rays and having a bright yellow shining epidermis. In general outline it approaches U. marginis Lea, but is not pointed anteriorly like that species and differs altogether in the color and texture of the epidermis. I name this shell after my friend Mr. J. A. Singley of Texas, a gentleman who has done very much towards collecting the mollusca of that state. ? Unio Ferrissii Shell oblong, inflated, smooth before, slightly plicate posteriorly, rather thick and solid, epidermis dark green or black and shining, with green capillary rays, sometimes rayless, squarish before, pointed behind, umbonial slope raised, obtusely rounded. Cardinal teeth compressed, thick and solid, oblique, single in right valve, double in left, striate. Lateral teeth short and slightly curved, anterior cica- trices not confluent, very deep, posterior cicatrices distinct, nacre pink and iridescent. Habitat. A small creek near Pilatka, Florida. Remarks. Several years ago I received two shells of this species from Mr. J. B. Upson, at the time I supposed them to be a variety of U. Anthonyii Lea, but having some doubts as to their be- longing to that species, I sent them to Mr. Chas. T. Simpson of the Smithsonian Institution, who after a very careful examination, pro- nounced them distinct. They differ from U. Anthonyw Lea in being a much smaller species but more inflated and solid, less wide, more cylindrical; they are not angular over the posterior slope, with a very different epidermis and nacre and much heavier teeth. I name this shell after my friend Mr. Jas. H. Ferriss of Joliet, a gentleman who has done much towards bringing to light many in- teresting species from our own state. THE SLUGS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. Mr. H. F. Wickham sent me some slugs from Victoria, Vancou- ver Island, in November, 1889; and the Rev. J. H. Keen recently sent some slugs from British Columbia to the British Museum, so I have been able to examine sufficient material to offer a list of the slugs of that province, with notes: (1) Agriolimax campestris subsp. hyperboreus (Westerlund). Mr. Binney sent me a specimen of this collected at Comor, 140 THE NAUTILUS. ol miles north of Victoria (Taylor). It is figured in 3rd suppl. Terr. Moll. U.S., Pl. viii, fig. f. On p. 205 of his 3rd suppl. Mr. Binney refers to a slug from British Columbia, apparently LZ. hemphilli W. G. Binney. Limazx hemphilli is, I think without doubt, a variety of Agriolimax Berendti (Strebel), and was hardly to be expected so far north. In my copy of Pl. viii of Mr. Binney’s 3rd Suppl. Terr. Moll., figures of Ag. hemphilli and Ag. montanus have some appearance of dark lateral bands, owing to the ink having run in printing. All the four forms of A griolimax figured on that plate resemble Ag. levis in general appearance, and of course, have no dark bands. I found them to differ slightly in the position of the longitudinal line or groove on the margin of the foot, and the figures given of the foot- margins were intended to show this difference. It will be seen that in montanus the line is near the upper edge of the margin, in occi- . dentalis it is lower, in hyperboreus it is about median, and in hemp- hilli it is nearest the lower edge. I have not, however, examined this character in a sufficient number of specimens to say whether it is of really of classificatory value. (2) Prophysaon pacificum Ckll.: Victoria, Vancouver Island (Wickham). Figured in Binney’s 3rd Suppl. Terr. Moll. U.S., Pl. vii. In this work, Pl. vii, fig. e, is the jaw of P. humile, and fig. f that of P. pacificum: these names are unfortunately transposed in the plate, on p. 225. P. pacificum was described from two speci- mens, one of which is now in the British Museum, and the other in the U.S. National Museum. (3) Prophysaon andersoni (Cooper) var. hemphilli (B. & B.): British Columbia, six specimens (Rev. J. H. Keen). (8b) Prophysaon andersonii var. nov. pallidum. Paler, ochre- ous, the bands on mantle evanescent, reticulation on body not dark, back not darker than sides, neck pale. Two specimens from British Columbia (Rev. J. H. Keen), the largest 46 mill. long (in alcohol). One has the tail cut off, in the same way as has been described in other species of the genus. All the eight examples of Prophysaon sent by Mr. Keen have the sole strongly wrinkled. (4) Ariolimax columbianus (Gould) forma typicus. Without black spots. British Columbia, two specimens (Rev. J. H. Keen). (4b) Ariolimax columbianus forma maculatus Ckll. This spotted form seems to be rather more frequent than the type.' Mr. Keen’s 1 Artolimax subsp. californicus forma nov. maculatus is a precisely sim- ilarly spotted form of the Californian subspecies. There is an example in the British Museum from Mr. W. G. Binney, 45 mm. long. au THE NAUTILUS. sending contains four specimens. Mr. Wickham sent me two from Victoria: one being immature, only 21 millim. long; in this small specimen the sole was not visibly divided into tracts. There is also a specimen of f. maculatus in the British Museum from Vancouver I. (Lord I. Russell ; coll. by the Boundary Commission), which is 63 mill. long (in alchohol), tail well keeled for 18 millim. ; a large spot on mantle; sole with median area smooth though wrinkled, lateral area rough; jaw dark, with 15 ribs. | (4c) Artolimax columbianus forma nov. niger. Entirely black, except the sole, which is rather olivaceous. One specimen, 57 mill. long (in alch.), from British Columbia (Keen). Mr. H. F. Wickham was so good as to send me some notes on the Victoria slugs, as follows: ‘The very large slugs [_A. columbianus f. maculatus| from Victoria are found in the heavy woods on the island in rather damp situations, especially around and in the cracks of rotten logs. In damp weather I have seen them crawling around on logs and on the ground. The little ones [P. pucificwum] from Victoria also occur under logs, but I got them in much damper places, especially under logs in ditches by the roadsides, and few or none in the woods ” (in Jitt., Dec. 12, 1889.) LIST OF LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSCA COLLECTED IN JAMAICA. BY :C. W. JOHNSONB@s WM. J. FOX, The following is a list of the mollusea obtained on our recent trip to Jamaica, during a part of April and June. As the species are extremely local in there distribution, and our collecting confined to the eastern part of the Island, and time largely occupied in collect- ing insects, this list, represents but a small part of the Island fauna. Collections were made near Kingston, Bogwalk in the Parish of St. Catherine, Morant Bay, Manchioneal, Port Antonio, Hope Bay and Swift River. At Kingston, Orthalicus wndatus was abundant on the trees, ascending to the height of ten or twelve feet; as it was very dry weather, they were all tightly closed with an epiphragm, and so firmly attached to the bark that it required considerable force to remove them. Helix invalida, Cylindrella brevis and Tudora armata were also numerous. Though the shells were quite plentiful we did not succeed in finding a living Sagda Jayanus. At Port Antonio, Tudora auguste, Cyclotus Portlandiensis and Hyalosagda THE NAUTILUS. 33 similis, were the{most abundant species, while near Hope Bay, Helix acuta, Cylindrella alba and Lucidella aureola predominated. We desire to express our thanks to Mr. Henry Vendryes of Kingston, for his kindness in directing us to collecting grounds, for valuable information regarding’distribution, and for specimens. . List OF SPECIES. Oleacina ( Varicella) leucozonias Walch. Portland? This species was given to me by a gentleman in Port Antonio. . Oleacina procera C. B. Ads. Bogwalk. Two specimens. Oleacina nemorensis C. B. Ads. Near Manchioneal. Oleacina similis C. B. Ads. Bogwalk. Oleacina (Melia) propinqua C. B. Ads. Near Hope Bay and Swift River. Oleacina perplexa C. B. Ads. Near Hope Bay and Swift River. Oleacina leviuscula. Near Hope Bay and Swift River. Zonites (Proserpinula) discoidea C. B. Ads. Near Hope Bay. Zonites opalina C.{B. Ads. Bogwalk. Helix (Sagda) Jayanus C. B. Ads. Long Mt. Kingston and Bogwalk. Helix (Sagda) connectans C. B. Ads. Long Mt. Kingston. Helix (Hyalosagda) similis C. B. Ads. Morant Bay, Port Antonio and Swift River. Helix (Hyalosagda) Haldemaniana C. B. Ads. Morant Bay, Manchioneal. 3 Helix (Microphysa) turbiniformis Pfr. Bogwalk and Port Antonio. Helix (Microphysa) peraffinis C. B. Ads. Port Antonio. Helix (Microphysa) vortex Pfr. Port Antonio. Helix (Microphysa) diminuta C. B. Ads. Port Antonio. Helix (Microphysa) perdepressa C. B. Ads. Kingston. Helix (Incerna) acuta Lam. Near Hope Bay. Helix (Lucerna) acuta var. nobilis C. B. Ads. Bogwalk. Helix (Lucerna) acuta var. ingens C. B. Ads. Near Manchioneal. Helix (Lucerna) valida C. B. Ads. Near Hope Bay. Helix (Lucerna) invalida C. B. Ads. Near Long Mt., Kingston. Helix (Lucerna) sinuosa Fér. Bogwalk. Helix (Dialeuca) subconica C. B. Ads. Bogwalk, Port Antonio and Hope Bay. Helix (Dialeuca) nemoraloides C. B. Ads. Bogwalk. Helix (Dialeuca) nemoraloides var. gossei C. B. Ads. Bogwalk. Helix ( Cysticopsis) tumida Pfr. Bogwalk. Helix ( Cysticopsis) tenerrima C. B. Ads. Bogwalk. 34 THE NAUTILUS. Orthalicus undatus Brug. | Kingston. Stenogyra octona Linn. Common in all the localities. Stenogyra octonoides C. B. Ads. Common in most of the localities. Cylindrella elongata Chemn. Bogwalk. Cylindrella alba C. B. Ads. Near Hope Bay and Swift River. Cylindrella rubra C. B. Ads. Swift River. Cylindrella Dunkeriana Pfr. Bogwalk. Cylindrella brevis Fér. Near Rockfort and Kingston. Cylindrella sanguinea Pfr. Bogwalk. Cylindrella rosea Pfr. Near Manchioneal and Port Antonio. Cylindrella lata C. B. Ads. Bogwalk. Leia Maugeri Wood var. striatula C. B. Ads. Bogwalk. Pupa fallax Say. Kingston. Pupa contracta Say. Near Hope Bay. Succinea latior C. B. Ads. Common in all the localities. Succinea angustior C. B. Ads. Morant Bay. Vaginulus sloanti Fér. Port Antonio. Vaginulus occidentalis. Port. Antonio. Planorbis affinis Ad. In a spring near Rockfort and Kingston. Amnicola? sp.? Brackish water near Kingston. Hemisinus lineolatus Wood. Rio Cobre at Bogwalk. Ampullaria fasciata Lam. Rio Cobre at Bogwalk. Geomelania procera C. B. Ads. Near Hope Bay and Port Antonio. Adamsiella Grayana C. B. Ads. Bogwalk. Tudora armata C. B. Ads. Rockfort and Kingston. Tudora fecunda C. B. Ads. Rockfort and Kingston. Tudora maritima C. B. Ads. Near Manchioneal. Tudora fascia Gray. Bogwalk. Tudora Anguste C. B. Ads. Port Antonio. Fudora Anguste var. rufilabrum. Swift River. Cyclotus Portlandiensis Chitty. Port Antonio. Helicina megastoma C. B. Ads. Port Antonio and Hope Bay. Helicina neritella Lam. Port Antonio and Hope Bay. Helicina depressa Gray. Bogwalk. Alcadia solitaria C. B. Ads. Port Antonio. Lucidella aureola Fér. Bogwalk, Port Antonio and Swift River. Lucidella nana Pfr. Port Antonio and Hope Bay. Stoastoma chittyana C. B. Ads. Port Antonio and Hope Bay. fs) oO THE NAUTILUS. [CONTRIBUTED. ] AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. JUNE 23, 1891. Owing to long continued illness in the family of the President and absence of the Secretary in Jamaica, we have been unable to communicate our usual monthly notes to the Nautrrius. For the same reason correspondence has been delayed and the affairs of the Association, so far as the President and Secretary are concerned have dragged somewhat. Members have been very indulgent and their kindness is appreciated. The Association still grows. In fact, its rapid growth has astonished its projectors and has shown that such an organization was needed. American Conchologists were unacquainted with each other and in many instances had no one with whom to confer in their studies. Now they have at their command scores of willing associates, ready to extend them aid in solving disputed problems or in acquiring knowledge. Those members who have corresponded most perceive how valuable the Association has been. Before long we will not only have almost every American Couchologist enrolled, but many students and beginners will be induced to take up the study and collection of shells. Next month we will resume the publication of the lists of new members, donations to the United States Collection ete. Members desiring to donate shells to the United States Collection would do well first to send their lists of species to the President who would will mark off the species already received and thus save duplication. Send all shells to the President, care of el of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. The annual election of officers of the Association took place, by correspondence, upon the 1st Wednesday of June, and the officers assumed their duties upon June 15th. Except a few scattering votes, by the officers and others, the present officers received all the votes polled, and were therefore re-elected for another year. ‘They wish to return their thanks for the many kind words of approval of their conduct and for the great interest taken by the members in the election. The positions involve much hard work and the giving of much time to the affairs of the Association but the work is lightened by the ready assistance and co-operation of the members. 36 THE NAUTILUS. A new edition of the pamphlet “ List of Members” of the Associa- tion, is in preparation. So many new members have been elected since its publication (October 1, 1890), that a new edition is much needed. As soon as completed a copy will be sent to every member. Members desiring to propose new members should do so at an early date, so that their names may be included in the new “ hist of Members.” Miss C. A. Shepard of New Britian, Conn. and C. A. Hargrave, Danville, Ind. are Associate Editors of “The Observer” a natural history monthly, published at Portland, Conn. James H. Ferris, recently elected a member, is Editor of the Daily News, Joliet, Ill. He has chosen for his subject, the Land and Fresh Water Shells of Illinois. William McCormick, Palm Beach, Fla. is spending the summer North, and stayed, en route, some days in Philadelphia. John Ritchie Jr., Boston, Mass., has fortunately recovered from a serious attack of typhoid fever. Accompanied by his wife, he spent nearly a week in Philadelphia during the present month, coming and returning by steamer. Francisco E. Blanes, Key West, Fla., is now on a visit to gabe I. Greegor has finishes his winter’s Pusiriesas in St. Augustine, Fla. and is now at Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. He stopped in Philadelphia for a few days on his way home. Dr. Lorenzo G. Yates, Santa Barbara, Cal. has changed his subject to “ West Coasts shells.” Harry E. Dore, Portland, Oreg. a new member, has chosen the same subject. Willard M. Wood, San Francisco, Cal., a new member, has chosen “ California Mollusca” as his subject. W.S. Teator, Upper Red Hook, N. Y., recently paid a visit to Philadelphia. Rev. Joseph C. Carrier is Professor of Natural Sciences in the College of St. Laurent, near Montreal, Canada. WANTED. The June number of The Nautilus; Vol.: 11 1889. .|Ten cemee per copy will be paid.—@. W. Johnson, Manager of the Nautilus, Philadelphia. i 1891. 2h (es THE NAUTILUS, ON NEW AMERICAN MOLLUSKS ) PILSBRY Tue NaAuwtTILus. "Vol. v. AUGUST, 1891. No. 4. ON HELIX HARFORDIANA COOPER, AND OTHER SHELLS. BY HENRY A. PILSBRY. The accompanying plate’ illustrates a number of species deséribed originally in THe Naurti.us and elsewhere, as follows : Figs. 1, 2, Pupa syngenes. Pupa syngenes Pils., Toe Nautitus IV, p. 3, May, 1890; Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 296. This is the first sinistral Pupa described from America. It is from Arizona. Fig. 3, Bulimulus Ragsdalei. B. Ragsdalei Pils., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 63, 296 ; Tue Naovtitus LV, p. 122, March, 1890. Northern Texas. Figs. 4, 5, Goniobasis Crandalli. Gon. Crandalli Pils., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 301. Mammoth Springs, Arkansas. Figs. 6, 7, 8, Vaginulus Schivelye Pils. Bermuda. Figs. 9, 10, 11, Zonites Shimekii. Z. Shimekui Pils. Toe Nautizus, IV, p. 3, May, 1890, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 297. This species has been familiar to me for some years, under the name of Zonites limatulus. It agrees with that form in the number of a Reprinted by permission from Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 4() THE NAUTILUS. whorls and sculpture, except that the Shimekii is more strongly, reg- ularly ribbed above. It differs from Jimatulus in being far more robust, more elevated, with rounder mouth and narrower, deeper umbilicus. Upon comparing specimens of the two species, I am sur- prised that they were ever confused; for, except in sculpture, the J. Shimekii is far more like Z. nitidus than to Z. limatulus. The specimens described and figured were collected by Prof. B. Shimek, of Iowa City, Iowa. This form is interesting as being the only well-defined species of Loess fossil which seems to have become extinct ; although there are a number of others, such as Helicina occulta and Patula strigosa var., which survive in greatly reduced numbers in a few limited locali- ties, or only in a distant part of the country. This species is rather widely distributed throughout the Loess formation of Iowa and eastern Nebraska. The name is bestowed in memory of the many happy days spent together by Prof. Shimek and the writer, then college classmates, hunting fossils and shells. Fig. 12, 13, 14, Helix (Polygyrella) Harfordiana. Deedalochila Harfordiana Cooper, Amer. Journ. of Conch., vol. V, pt. 4, 196, plate 17, fig. 8. See also tom. cit., p. 214. Helix (Dedalochila) Harfordiana Coop., Tryon, Manual of Con- chology, 2d Series, vol. III, p. 180, pl. 27, figs. 55-07. Polygyra Harfordiana Coop., W. G. Binney, Manual of N. A. Land Shells, p. 114, fig. 81, but not the description ! Not Triodopsis Harfordiana Cp., W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll. U. S. etc., V, p. 309, fig. 203, 1878. This shell has been so much misunderstood and so incorrectly figured that I feel impelled to refigure it and to offer a few sugges- tions concerning the systematic position of the species. It was dis- covered in the year 1869 by Mr. W. G. W. Harford in the “ Big Tree” district, Fresno County, California. The locality is an ele- vated one, lying 6500 ft. above the sea level, in lat. 37°. In thus devoting space to the consideration of this question of systematic position, I do not wish to be understood to attach any great importance to those divisions of our Helices which some authors call sections, some subgenera, and still others designate as full fledged genera. I am fully aware that many of these divisions coalesce; we can no more trace the separating line between their species than we can unmix mingled milk and water. Thus, the species Texasiana, triodontoides and Levettet bridge the space between THE NAUTILUS. 41 Polygyraand Triodopsis ; Mullani, appressa, etc., form passages from Triodopsis to Mesodon ; and through germana with its allies on either side, Mesodon flows into Stenotrema. The recognition of the fact that these sections are all varying manifestations of one type, and that a native American one, lead me to associate them under the oldest name, Polygyra, in my check-list of our land shells.’ So much for the one side. And on this side there is full as much danger in holding extreme views, as on the side of excessive analysis. Let us not profess sweeping views on coalescence of minor groups until we have the species which actually show transition ; and (to pass from generalizations to a special case), it may be noted here that while the species of the Polygyra+ Triodopsis+ Mesodon-+ Steno- trema group, invariably have a reflected lip, the two species belong- ing (as I claim) to Polygyrella have a blunt lip, not in the least ex- panded or reflexed. I prefer to keep very different things apart. Dr. Cooper’s original description is excellent, but the figures are bad. ‘The latter are copied by Tryon in the Manual of Conchology. Binney described a wholly different shell in his two publications— a shell which has, he states, an expanded lip. In his Manual of American Land Shells the species is said by him to have four whorls and is placed in Polygyra. Still later (8rd Supplement to Terr. Moll. V.) Mr. Binney seems to entertain a suspicion that the Trio- dopsis Roperi Pils. (which he places in Polygyra/) is the same spe- cies. An examination of the type would doubtless have convinced Mr. Binney that it is, as Dr. Cooper states in his original descrip- tion, most intimately allied to Polygyrella polygyrella. Figure 81 of the Manual of American Land Shells is incorrect in showing the parietal tooth too far within the aperture. The original figures have the same defect. ! With Polygyrella polygyrelia, this species agrees in general form, color, sculpture and texture, as well as in the form of the aperture and the blunt, not at all expanded lip. In teatwre and character of the lip, both species are very different from Polygyra and Triodopsis ; the species of these last two sections having the lip expanded and re- flexed. The section Polygyrella may be defined thus : Shell disk-shaped, the spire nearly flat, periphery rounded, even in the young; -umbilicus wide within, showing all the whorls. Texture somewhat vitreous and subtranslucent ; ribbed-striate above, 1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1889, p. 193. 42 THE NAUTILUS. polished beneath; color yellow, yellowish-green or light brown. Whorls six to eight, narrow, slowly widening, the last a trifle descend- ing in front. Aperture subtriangular, oblique; peristome blunt, not expanded, thickened within, with or without lip teeth; parietal wall bearing a stout, triangular, erect entering tooth. The species may stand as follows: (1.) No lip-teeth ; body-whorl with several internal pairs of denticles visible through the base. HH. polygyrella. (2.) _ Peristome with two lip-teeth ; no denticles inside the body- whorl. HI. Harfordiana. Dr. Cooper’s ingenious supposition that the internal denticles of H. polygyrella are “swallowed” lip teeth I find to be erroneous, as they are formed quite a distance within the whorl, not at the edge of the advancing lip. H.. Harfordiana has been found only at the spot named above, and only two specimens are known; that figured on the plate ac- companying this paper, and one other, a young shell, in the collec- tion of Dr. Cooper. The earlier whorls are broken in the type spec- imen. ON SOME MARINE MOLLUSKS FROM THE SOUTHERN COAST OF BRAZIL. BY DR. W.( DALL. In the preliminary report on the mollusca obtained on the voyage of the Albatross around Cape Horn (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. XII, No. 773, pp. 219-3862, 1889) I enumerated a number of Antillean mollusks which were found to extend their range from the coast of the United States to the eastern shores of Brazil, to the Abrolhos Islands and even further south. Subsequently a few others, also from the Albatross collection, were noted as extending to Brazil, in Bull. 37, U.S. Nat. Museum. Since then I have received from Dr. H. von Ihering, of Porto Allegre, a small collection of very poor, beach-worn material, largely in fragments, but still identifiable, which still further enlarges the range of some of the species, and adds to the list of species some of the common forms of the United States coast which had not before been suspected to reach such southern latitudes. It is probably that the great volume of fresh THE NAUTILUS. 43 water issuing from the Rio La Plata acts as an effective barrier against the more southern extension of shallow water species which may reach to its northern point of entrance; so that we may expect that few, if any, of these northern stragglers will be found south of Montevideo. In the following list will be found the names of the species received from Dr. von Thering and a few, not hitherto noted, from the Alba- tross collection, the whole embracing between fifty and sixty species, a good many of which have not hitherto been identified from the region in question, and two of which appear to be new to science. The northern range of most of the species common to the northern Antilles and to the coast of the United States will be found entered against the name of the species in Bulletin 37 above referred to. In some cases the identity of the species has hitherto been obscured by the southern specimens having been separately named ; as in the case of Tagelus platensis Orb. which is positively indistinguishable by any character from 7. caribeus. The localities are Santa Caterina near San Francisco, in about Lat. 26° S.; Rio Grande do Sul in S. Lat. 32° 30’; and the mouth of the Rio La Plata near Montevideo and Tozitos in about S. Lat. 30°. Ostrea virginica Gmelin var. puelchana Orb. Santa Caterina. O. cristata Born. Santa Caterina. Placunanomia rudis Brod. Santa Caterina. Modiola suleata Lam. Rio Grande do Sul. Mytilus canaliculus Hanley (edulis of E. A. Smith). Rio Grande do Sul. Mytilus magellanicus Reeve. Montevideo. Area candida Chemnitz. Santa Caterina. Area martinii Recluz. Santa Caterina. Areca imbricata Bruguiére. Santa Caterina. Arca americana Gray. Santa Caterina. Area incongrua var brasiliensis Orb. Santa Caterina. Lucina jamaicensis Lam. Santa Caterina. Divaricella quadrisuleata Orb. Santa Caterina. Chama congregata Conrad. Santa Caterina. Cardium brasiliensis Lam. Santa Caterina. Cardium muricatum L. Santa Caterina. Dione circinata Lam. Santa Caterina. Dione purpurata Lam. (+ ligula Anton). Rio Grande do Sul. 44 THE NAUTILUS. Cytherea rostrata Koch (+ tehuelea Orb.) Santa Caterina. Anomalocardia macrodon Desh. Santa Caterina. Tivela mactroides Born. Santa Caterina. Tivela fulminea (Val.) Philippi. Santa Caterina. Tivela ventricosa Gray. Rio Grande do Sul. Eutivela perplexa Stearns, n.s. Off Rio La Plata, 112 fathoms. Eutivela iheringi Dall, n.s. Santa Caterina. Donax rugosus Lam. Rio Grande do Sul. Donax owenii Gray. Montevideo and Maldonado. Iphigenia brasiliensis Lam. Santa Caterina. Tagelus gibbus Spengler (+ T. platensis Orb.). Rio Grande do Sul. Soletellina rufescens Chemn. Santa Caterina. Sanguinolaria rosea Lam. Santa Caterina. Tellina versicolor Cozzens. Santa Caterina. Macoma constricta Bruguiére. Santa Caterina. Mactra brasiliana Lam. Santa Caterina. Mactra scalpellum Deshayes. Santa Caterina. Mactra symmetrica Deshayes. Santa Caterina. Mactra byronensis Gray. Montevideo. Mactra? isabelleana Orbigny. Santa Caterina. Mactra alata Lam. Santa Caterina. Labiosa canaliculata Say. Santa Caterina. Mesodesma mactroides Deshayes. Rio Grande do Sul. Pholas campechiensis Gmelin. Santa Caterina. Barnea costata Linné. Santa Caterina. Pisania variegata Gray. Santa Caterina. Murex senegalensis Lam. Santa Caterina. Purpura hemastoma Linné. Santa Caterina. Litorina irrorata Say, var. columellaris Orb. Santa Caterina. ? Paludestrina australis Orb. Montevideo. Crepidula aculeata Gmelin. Santa Caterina. Polynices brunnea Link. Santa Caterina. Sigaretus maculatus Say. Santa Caterina. Sigaretus perspectivus Say. Santa Caterina. Acmea onychina Gould. Santa Caterina. Fissurella rosea Gmel. Santa Caterina. Glyphis cayennensis Lam. Santa Caterina. THE NAUTILUS. 45 NOTE ON PUPA MUSCORUM LINNE. BY H. A. PILSBRY. There has been considerable discussion regarding the proper name of this species, some authors preferring the name “ marginata Drap.” In all disputed questions regarding Linnean names, we may turn with confidence to Hanley’s book “The Shells of Linneus.” Han- ley bestowed a vast amount of study on the actual types of Linnus’ own collection. He says of this species: “Turbo Muscorum. This shell (pl. 1V, fig. 6) still remains in the collection, is enclosed in a paper inscribed in the hand of Linneeus, and is the sole species in the entire cabinet which at all agrees with the diagnosis. It is a curious edentulus variety of the Pupa mar- ginata of Draparnaud, to which species it had been assigned by Nils- son, in his valuable treatise upon the land and fresh-water shells of Sweden, a work especially illustrative of the Helices and Turbines of the ‘Fauna Suecica.’ From a sentence in the last mentioned work, ‘aperture ovate-acuminata, mucrone obtuso’ we are led to imagine that our author was aware of the frequent presence of a denticle in the mouth of the shell, although in the ‘Systema’ he had termed it edentulous. None ofthe Linnean examples, however, are provided with a tooth; yet in England, where this Pupa is most abundant, it is rarely that we obtain an example which is not thus furnished.” Hanley figures the type shell of Linnzeus ; and we have, it seems, little excuse for rejecting the name muscorwm in favor of the later marginata. The following tabulation of the varieties of this species I take from a MSS. of T. D. A. Cockerell : “In the number of teeth or lamelle in the aperture of the shell, this species presents a beautifully graduated series from none at all to three, as follows: a. edentula Moq-Tand. No teeth. Colorado, Massachusetts, Europe. ; b. unidentata Stabile. One tooth on parietal wall. ce. bigranata Rossm.—sterri v. Voith. Two teeth. This form is figured by Binney, Man. Amer. Land Shells, p. 78, fig. 40. d. blandi Morse. Three teeth, one being on columella. “ Bigranata and blandi are often considered as species apart from marginata, but I think on wholly insufficient grounds.” 46 THE NAUTILUS. Mr. Cockerell is not responsible for the name muscorwm as applied to this shell. The first variety, edentula Moq.-Tand., is of course equal to the typical muscorum. NOTES AND EXCHANGES. The following extract from a letter written to the Ed. by Dr. W. D. Hartman, will be of interest : “T have just learned through Mr. Rossiter, of the Island of Noumea, that Mr. de Latour and his son (from whom I have received so many new shells from Aura Island, New Hebrides) have been murdered by natives; Mr. Garrett was wont to tell me of the - great danger to be encountéred by these collectors in these islands from the natives. When he was collecting in some of these islands he was obliged to be a walking arsenal and would never trust a native behind his back for fear of being stabbed and dragged off into the bushes and eaten. I much regret the loss of de Latour as a collector. The last box he collected was lost in a vessel that was wrecked, and after float- ing about on the ocean was wafted to shore, and was found and sent to Mr. Rossiter.” Some of the shells contained in this box were figured in Dr. Hartman’s last paper in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.— Ep. Wanrep.—Atlantic and Gulf Coast Shells in exchange for land and fresh-water shells of the Mississippi Valley —Elwood Pleas, Dunreith, Indiana. We learn that our valued correspondent, Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, has been appointed Director of the Natural History Museum at Kingston, Jamaica. Mr. Cockerell has many warm friends among the conchological fraternity of America, who will be glad to hear that he has been called to a field so rich for the Naturalist.—£d. Correspondence invited, with view to exchange of Conchological specimens. Desiderata: Florida, Texas, California and West Indian land shells. Offers: British, European and South African land, fresh-water and marine—C. LZ. Smout, 40 Braybrook Road, Hast- ings, England. THE NAUTILUS. 47 Potyeyra (Trioporsis) MuLLANI var. OLNEY«.—Shell very much depressed, the spire nearly flat; aperture transversely oval, the upper and basal lips parallel; peristome completely revolute, more curled over than in any other form I have seen; basal lip with a white callus but no tooth; no trace of a tooth on the outer or upper lip; parietal wall having a small tooth. Alt. 6, diam. 13 mill.; oblique alt. of aperture 63, width 83 mill., measured outside of peristome. The specimens are from Spokane, Washington, sent - by Mrs. Mary P. Olney.—#. A. P. THE ConcHo.oaist is the title of a new periodical published at Leeds, England. It is issued quarterly and is devoted for the greater part to the mollusks of Great Britian. The second number, just issued, contains the following articles: Note on the locality of Helix mandarina Gray, by E. A. Smith; The glacial Period and British non-marine mollusca, H. E. Quilter ; The Land and Fresh- water mollusca of Oxfordshire, W. E. Collinge; Adventitious Pro- tection in Fresh-water mollusca, C. Clare Fryer; On the Burrowing Habits of Testacella, C. D. Horsman. The Conchologist is edited by Mr. W. E. Collinge, of Leeds, England. We wish it success. ON SOME NEW * * Wesr AMERICAN SHELLS, ETC., by Wm. H. Datu. (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1891, p. 173-191; three plates.) The dredgings of the Albatross, as well as a number of West Coast collectors, Mr. J. J. Rivers, Miss Ida M. Shepard, Mrs. M. Burton Williamson and others, have contributed the shells described and illustrated in this paper. The species of Euplewra, both East and West, are first discussed and figured. Nassa californiana Conr., originally described as a Miocene fossil under the generic name of Schizopyga by Conrad, has been found living from Drake’s Bay to Cerros Island, 25-65 fms. Fusus Kobelti Dall, F. Harfordi Stearns, Trophon triangulatus Cpr. and clementia subdiaphana Cpr. are fig- ured for the first time. Trophon Cerrosensis, Cancellaria Crawfordi- ana and Tellina Ide, spp. nov., are figured and described. The paper concludes with brief descriptions of the following: Benccinwm strigillatum, taphrium, molinia frielei, strombella middendorfii, fragi- lis, melonis, chrysodomusithius, periscelidus, phanicens, eucosmius, hypolismus, acrosnius, halibrectus, Trophon scitulus, disparilis, punc- trella (galeatea var. ?) major, solenya johnsoni, calyptogena pacifica (new genus and species of carditide), Limopsis vaginatus. All are West Coast forms, mostly from Alaska. We hope that illustrations 48 THE NAUTILUS. of these will follow shortly. Trophon triangulatus is a fine species, resembling “ Chorus” Belcheri, but smaller, without the basal groove and tooth. It has probably escaped the notice of Dr. Dall that Belcheri is not a chorus at all, the type of that genus being C. gigan- teus Lesson, of Chili, a shell that looks like a big smoothish monoceros.—H. A. P. List or N. A. LAND AND FRESH-WATER SHELLS RECEIVED FROM THE U.S. DEPT. oF AGRICULTURE, WITH NOTES AND COMMENTS THERON by RoBERT E.C.Srrearns. (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.) The species noticed in this paper were mainly collected in Texas, Ari- zona and Wyoming. Helix humboldtiana Val., a Mexican species, ~ is added to our fauna, the single specimen being from. Altuda, Texas, at an elevation of 5000 ft. Dr. Stearns erroneously places this in the section Pomatia; but it by right belongs to the Arionta brother- hood, in Fischer’s section of Arionta called Odontura. H. (Poma- tia) aspersa, the common European edible snail, is in the National Museum from Puebla, Mexico. The members of the Academy of Science’s expedition to Mexico also found this shell very abundant around the City of Mexico, doubtless imported, as the species is an excellent traveller and successful emigrant. Dr. Stearns has been able to connect the Bulimulus Ragsdaler with B. dealbatus by inter- mediate examples, showing a gradual transition from the strongly ribbed to the smooth form. Under the old name B. alternatus are placed as synonyms, B. schiedcanus, B. patriarcha, B. marie and B. mooreanus. Iam quite disposed to accept this arrangement of our Bulimuli, and would add at least two of the Mexican so-called species to the list of synonyms under alternatus. A large number of new localities are quoted for other and well-known species.—H. A. P. THe NautTILus. VoL. v. SEPTEMBER, 1891. No. 5. LIST OF SHELLS COLLECTED ON FAYAL ISLANDS, AZORES; AND ON MADEIRA ISLANDS; WITH PREFATORY NOTES. BY WILLIAM H. RUSH, M. D., U. S. NAVY. While serving as medical officer on board the Pennsylvania Nautical School-Ship Saratoga during the practice cruises of the year 1890 and the Spring of 1891, advantage was taken of the opportunities thus presented to collect any molluskan forms of animal life that by a little trouble and some searching could be found. No special outfit was provided other than the usual collecting box, with its forceps and knife, and the rake. Surface towing nets, made of the common bobinet, were used when sailing to collect the pelagic forms. ‘Two dredges were kindly loaned by the Smithsonian Institution but no opportunity presented for their use. During the cruises of the Summer of 1890, stops were made at Horta, Fayal Is. Azores; at Southampton, England, where no attempt at collecting was made although a few H.( Trichia) rufescens Pennant were taken at Netley Castle; and at Funchal, Madeira. During the stay at Horta two trips were made to the small fresh water pond in the extinct crater in the mountains, for the purpose of procuring a supply of Pisidium Dabneyi De Guerne; but not a single specimen rewarded the visits. The journeys were made on the back of a small donkey, which knowing animal, as soon as the higher parts of the mountains were reached, selected the deep ruts in which to walk, often leaving the rider, unless with special attention upon his part, stranded ; and the pleasures of the journey were not materially increased by the community of fleas inhabiting the hang- 50 THE NAUTILUS. ings and cushions of the saddle. To reach the edge of the crater it took four hours; the donkey with the guide, and his yelling com- panions, were then left to amuse themselves while the descent into the crater was made. The crater is said to be seventeen hundred feet deep, and its sides are very steep so that the actual time of descent was quite small, but the amount of time, patience, wear and tear consumed in com- ing up was considerable. At Funchal, Madeira, the ascent to the mountains was made in a vehicle upon runners and drawn by oxen over roads laid with very small paving stones and often in patterns of ornamental designs. Upon arrival at the desired elevation, the oxen were detached, allowed leisurely to make their way down, and the vehicle was pulled to one side of the road to await the time for making the return trip. That time having arrived the sledge is pulled into position, a man, holding the steering rope attached to the fore cor- ner, stood upon each side, and then, with a shout, a push anda little confusion of the respiratory rhythm, away the whole affair goes amidst a great scattering of sparks, clouds of dust and a con- fusion of noises; but in an incredibly short time the trip was made that previously had taken the oxen a couple of hours to do. List of Species Collected. Argonanta argo L. A living specimen kindly presented by Mr. Dabney, Consul at Horta, Fayal Is. Purpura (Stramonita) hemastoma L. Triton nodiferus Lam. Two living specimens. Ranella (Lampas) scrobiculator Linn. One dead. Fusus rostratus Oliv. Dredged in 800 fms. near Graciosa Is. by the yacht L’Hirondelle, Duke of Monaco, kindness Mr. Dabney. 6. Nassa (Hima) incrassata Strom. 7. Mitra fusca Swainson. Is smaller but agrees in internal and external coloration with the specimen labelled M. Adansonii Phil., in Phila. Acad. Nat. Sciences. 8. Olivella nivea Gmel. Pico Is. 9. Columbella mercatoria Linn. 10. Columbella (Nitidella) levigata Linn. Pico Is. 11. Trivia pediculus Linn. Pico Is. 12. Bittium reticulatum Da Costa. Pico Is. jak ef 13. 14. 15. 16. £7. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 50. dl. 32. 39. 34. 30. 36. of. 38. og. 40). 41. 42. 43. 44, 45, 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. THE NAUTILUS. 51 Littorina (Melaraphe) striata King. Littorina (Melaraphe) czerulescens Lam. Fossarus ambiguus Linn. Rissoa (Cingula) cingulus Mtg. Leptothyra carinata Cantr., var. peloritana Cantr. 800 fms., near Graciosa Is. Monodonta sauciata Koch. Madeira Is. Haliotis coccinea Rve. Patella vulgata Linn. Horta and Funchal. Patella Azorica Linn. Horta and Funchal. Bulla striata Briig. Pico Is. Hyalinia (Polita) cellaria Mull. Horta and Funchal. Hyalinia (Polita) erystallina Mull. Horta and Funchal. Hyalinia (Polita) atlantica Mull. Horta and Funchal. Helix (Patula) rotundata Mull. Helix (Acanthinula) monas Morelet. Helix (Caracolina) barbula Charp. Helix (Vallonia) pulcbella Mill. Horta and Funchal. Helix (Placentula) fictilis Lowe. Funchal. Helix (Placentula) vespertina Morelet. . Helix (Plebecula) nitidiuscula Sby. In the public garden at ~ Funchal. Helix (Leptaxis) undata Lowe. Funchal. Helix (Leptaxis) Drouetiana Morelet. Helix (Leptaxis) Azorica Alb. Young specimens. Helix (Pomatia) aspersa Miller. | Helix (Cochlicella) ventricosa Drap. Buliminus (Ena) vulgaris Morelet. Buliminus (Ena) Hartungi Morelet. Buliminus (Ena) delibutus Morelet. Buliminus sp. Cionella (Zua) lubricus Mull. Horta and Funchal. Pupa (Leucochila) fuscidula M. & D. Pupa (Leucochila) microspora Lowe. Pupa (Leucochila) fasciolata M. & D. Pupa (Leucochila) umbilicata Drap. Horta and Funchal. Balea perversa L. Pedipes afra Gmel. Dentalium sp. 800 fms. L’Hirondelle. Strigilla carnaria Linn. Pico. Two odd valves. 52 ‘THE NAUTILUS. 51. Pisidium Dabneyi De Guerne. Kindness Mr. Dabney. 52. Pinna rudis L. Where no locality is mentioned in the list, Horta, Fayal Islands, Azores, is to be understood. NOTES ON FAMILIAR MOLLUSKS. BY W. M. BEAUCHAMP. It is the custom to call Melantho rufus Hald., a variety of M. decisus Say, and there are some good reasons for this. It is more than a mere color variety, however, as those familiar with its habits know very well. The shell is usually grayer and more polished _ without, besides the rich purple within. It requires warmer water than M. decisus, and in New York is restricted to favorable localities, while the other has a very wide range. Those who have taken the animal from the shell, find that it has a greater muscular adhesion, not separating readily. The young mollusks have well marked ‘features from the very first. Thus far in New York, I have found the shell only where canal boats have been. Some have also thought Valvata tricarinata and sincera Say, varieties of one species. There is little to suggest this in the forms or habits of these little shells. The outer appearance is very differ- ent, they have not the same haunts, nor do they eat the same food. If they are ever found together, it is in death rather than in life, as far as my experience goes. Bythinia tentaculata Linn, has become very abundant since I first reported it many years ago. ‘In portions of the Erie Canal it has driven out Gloniobasis livescens and Virginica, merely by eating up their food. It prefers canal waters to any other, as many species do. | In the Erie Canal I collected Pleurocera subulare Lea, but with this I found P. intenswm and pallidum, of the same author, which seem only varieties of the former. Mr. Tryon agreed with me in this. The variations are by no means as great asin Gon. Virginica Gmel.; in fact there seems little difference beyond the color and mark- ings. I have had Margaritana margaritifera Linn from tributaries of the Mohawk river, but nowhere west of these in New York. Itis THE NAUTILUS. 53 likely to occur elsewhere, as the Unionidae are not the worst of travellers. I once found a number of Anodonta Benedicti, which had been thrown ashore by the waves on Onondaga lake, raising themselves on edge and working their way to the water. Can any one point out an invariable feature distinguishing Unio radiatus and luteolus ? The distinctions do very well for some, but others seem a good deal mixed. Has not every collector some which he has not named ? Shells are not abundant in Colorado, and I took pleasure in show- ing the actions of Helix Cooperi W.G. B. to some there who had never seen a snail. This snail is abundant in Williams’ Cajfion, near Manitou, but I found it nowhere else, perhaps for want of time. In Cheyenne Cajion I collected some very small snails, which I unfortunately lost before identification. Conditions there are sel- dom favorable but something might be done by a zealous naturalist. For myself I confess that other things proved more attractive for the time. In the East, rocks are better collecting grounds, which reminds me how greatly Helix albolabris, on rocky islands, differs from the same shell in more fertile lands. A NOTE ON MR. PILSBRY’S “ ARTICLE IV.”’ BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, INSTITUTE OF JAMAICA, KINGSTON, JAMAICA. It is very unfortunate that so much discussion should seem nec- essary about Limacella or Philomycus, but I am obliged to add still a few remarks to remove what seems to be a slight misunderstanding. (1) Limacella Brard. My slug notes are not just now at hand, but I think I may safely assert that when Limacella was proposed in 1815, the Limaz of modern authors was not specially provided with aname. The Linnean Jimaz included Arion, Limax, Agriolimax and even an Holis. The first mentioned species in the Linnean Limaz is what we now call an Arion (A. ater). Brard’s first Lima- cella, I believe was Limax maximus of modern authors. Thus, if we were to adopt a very strict rule of priority, we might write as fol- lows : Limax Linn. (=Arion Fér.) Limacella Brard (=Limax Auctt.) 54 THE NAUTILUS. As indeed was done by Dr. Jousseaume. But Linné did not specify types in his genera, and there are good reasons for believing that he did not regard the first mentioned species specially as the type. Accordingly, Férusac having next proposed Arion for another division of Limaz L., we may adopt his name, and the residue (leav- ing out Eolis, the true affinities of which had been recognized mean- while) namely Agriolimax of modern authors, remains as Limaw L. Thus we get: Limax L. = Agriolimax Morch. Arion Feér. LTimacella Brard = Limax Auctt. I do not adopt this arrangement, because I do not consider that we can recognize Brard’s name, but this is the logical result if Limacella Brard be adopted. (2). Philomycus (or Inmacella) nebulosus. It is hardly fair to say that I give no characters for this, as I expressly state that it is the T. carolinensis of Binney, the anatomy, jaw, and other characters of which are well described in the Terr. Moll. U.S. Ibelieve still that it is distinct from true carolinensis, but I rejoice that Mr. Pilsbry is going to make a more careful study of these slugs, and if he finds after examining ample material that I was mistaken, nobody will more readily accept the fact than myself. MOLLUSKS OF SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY. BY WILLIARD M. WOOD, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., AND WM. T. RAYMOND, OF OAKLAND, CAL. The following species have been collected by ourselves, with the exception of Alexia myosotis, Limnea nuttalliana, obrussa, Physa diaphana, Planorbis ammon and Ancylus fragilis, which are given on the excellent authority of Dr. Cooper and others. While the list is undoubtedly incomplete, we believe it indicates fairly well the molluscan fauna of this County. There is no evidence that Can- tharus gemmatus and Scala grenlandica have been found living here. Their occurrence on our beaches is probably accidental. THE NAUTILUS. . 55 PELECYPODA. Ostrea lurida Cpr. Placunanomia macroschisma Desh. Pecten hastatus Sby. (valves). Hinnites giganteus Gray (valves). Mytilus edulis Linn. Mytilus edulis Linn., var. glomeratus Gld. Mytilus Californianus Conr. Adula stylina Cpr. Anodonta Oregonensis Lea (Nuttalliana Lea). Kellia Laperousii Desh. Cardium corbis Mart. Pisidium occidentale Newe. (abditium Hald.) Tapes staminea Conr. Tapes staminea, var. diversa Sby. Tapes staminea, var. ruderata Desh. Tapes tenerrima Cpr. Petricola carditoides Conr. ‘Tellina Bodegensis Hds. (valves). Saxidomus aratus Gld. Macoma nasuta Conr. Matoma inquinata Conr. Macoma inconspicua B. & S. (valves). Angulus modestus Cpr. (valves). Angulus salmonea Cpr. (valves). Schizotherus Nuttallii Conr. Standella Californica Conr. (valves). Lyonsia Californica Conr. Lyonsia (Entodesma) saxicola Baird. Cryptomya Californica Conr. Mya arenaria Linn. (introduced). Saxicava arctica Linn. (? pholadis L.) Siliqua patula Dixon. Pholadidea penita Conr. Pholadidea penita var. parva Tryon. Zirpheea crispata Linn. (valves). Xylotrya setacea Tryon (pennatifera Blv.) 56 THE NAUTILUS. GASTROPODA. A. pulmonata. Selenites Vancouverensis Lea. Limax campestris L. var. occidentalis Cooper. Limax campestris L. var. zonatipes Ckll. (MS) new variety. Limax Hewstoni Cooper. Zonites cellarius Mill. (introduced). Ariolimax Californicus Cooper. Punctum conspectum Bland. Helix Californiensis Lea. Var. Nickliniana Lea, (also albino form). Helix arrosa Gld. (Common in Marin county). Helix armigerus Ancey. Helix loricata Gld. Pupa Californica Rowell. Succinea Oregonensis Lea. Alexia myosotis Drap. (introduced). Limpea palustris Mull. Limnea palustris var. proxima Lea. Limneea palustris var. Nuttalliana L. Limneea palustris var. Rowellii Tryon. Limneea palustris var. umbrosa Say. Limneza palustris var. Traskii Tryon. Limnea Adelinae Tryon. Limnezea humilis Say. Limnea humilis var. ferruginea Hald. Limneea obrussa Say (desidiosa Say). Limnza bombycina Lunge (introduced). Physa Gabbi Tryon. Physa Gabbi var. D’Orbignyana Lea. Physa Gabbi var. Traskii Lea. Physa diaphana Tryon. Physa virginea Gld. Planorbis tumens Cpr. Planorbis ammon Gld. Planorbis opercularis Gld. Planorbis vermicularis Gld. Ancylus fragilis Tryon. THE NAUTILUS. B. Ctenobranchiata. Pleurotoma Carpenteriana Gabb. (fragment). Olivella biplicata Sby. (dead). Cantharus gemmatus Rve. (one only dead). Nassa fossata Gld. Nassa mendica Gld. Columbella (Amycla) carinata Hds. Columbella (Amycla) carinata, var. gausipata Gld. Ocinebra lurida Midd. Ocinebra interfossa Cpr. Cerostoma foliatum Gmel. Purpura saxicola Val. Purpura saxicola, var. ostrina Gld. Purpura saxicola, var. emarginata Desh. Purpura lima Mart. (canaliculata Desh.) Purpura crispata Chem., var. septentrionalis Rve. Monoceros engonatum Conr. Seala crebricostata Cpr. Scala greenlandica Perry. (one only, dead). Odostomia gravida Gld. Litorina planaxis Nutt. Litorina scutulata Gld. Lacuna porrecta Cpr. Lacuna unifasciata Cpr. Pomatiopsis intermedia Tryon. Assiminea Californica Cooper. Crepidula navicelloides Nutt. Lunatia Lewisii Gld. (dead). Acmeza mitra Esch. Acmea pelta Esch. Acmzea persona Esch. Acmeza persona, var. umbonata Nutt. Acmea testudinalis L., var. patina Esch. Acmea testudinalis var. scutum Esch. Acmea testudinalis var. Cumingii Rve. Acmeea spectrum Nutt. Chlorostoma funebrale A. Ad. Calliostoma canaliculatum Mart. (dead). Glyphis aspera Esch. Fissurella voleano Rve. (dead). o7 58 THE NAUTILUS. POLYPLACOPHORA. Cheetopleura Hartwegii Cpr. Tonicella lineata Wood. Ischnochiton Cooperi Cpr. Mopalia ciliata Sby. Mopalia ciliata, sub-species lignosa Gld. Mopalia ciliata, sub-species Hindsii Sby. Mopalia wossnessenskii Midd. Katherina tunicata Wood. Nuttallina scabra Rve. Cryptochiton stelleri Midd. (young). MOLLUSKS IN THE PORTLAND, OREGON, MARKET. BY HARRY E. DORE. Prof. Keep’s article in the January number of THe NAuTILus on the Mollusks in the San Francisco market interested me very much as it was in direct line with observations and notes made by me here in Portland a little more than a year ago. The small number of species which are usually exposed for sale is as noticeable here as it isin San Francisco though not so much to be wondered at for we are 120 miles from the ocean and further still from points whese the mollusks are to be found, but I find that occasionally something out of the ordinary run is sent to the fish dealers, as for instance: about three years ago the deep sea fisheries were first attempted and the schooner “Geo. H. Chance” started outside the Columbia River Bar from Astoria for fish. Through lack of experience the nets were thrown too deep and were badly cut by the large pectens, Amusiwm caurinum Gld. allowing many of the fish to escape. In the first shipment to Portland were about two dozen large fine examples of this beauty, nearly all of which I was fortunate enough to secure at a moderate price. I have never seen it in the market since. At another time I secured one very large and perfect example of Lunatia Lewisti Gld. sent with bivalves to the market. In this connection I will state that I remember when a boy and living in San Francisco that Macoma nasuta Conr. was commonly sold in the market; it was very abundant on the mud flats near Long THE NAUTILUS. 59 Bridge in Mission Creek at that time. It is probably not sold there now or Prof. Keep would have included it in his list. There are practically but four species of mollusks sold commonly in the Portland fish markets: 1st. The native oyster, Ostrea lurida Cpr. which is so abundant on Puget Sound and Shoal Water Bay. Nearly all of the oysters sold come from either Olympia, Wasb. or Oysterville, on Shoalwater Bay, Wash. The few eastern or transplanted oysters sold here are shipped from San Francisco. There are also a great many canned oysters sold here. 2d. The hard shell clam has an excellent representative in Saat- domus squalidus Desh., which may prove to be merely a variety of S. nuttalli Conr. These come from Puget Sound and are very abundant, have a large, heavy shell and can be found at all times in the fish markets. They are cheap enough to be indulged in by all, selling for one cent apiece or even less. 3d. Tapes staminea Conr. is also very common. ‘The variety sent here is larger and fuller than the variety usually sold in San Fran- cisco but not as finely sculptured. 4th. Mya arenaria Linn. as well as Tapes staminea are sent here from Shoal Water Bay, Wash. It was introduced here from the Eastern States and grows to a very large size. By the above it would seem that Portland depends upon her neighboring state for her supply of shell fish. There is, however, a source of supply in Oregon which will become better known and its shell fish product more eagerly sought for in the near future— this is Yuquina Bay. Occasionally there are shipped to Portland a few sacks of Ostrea lurida and several boxes of the rock oyster, Pholadidea penita Conr. Newport, at the entrance to the bay, is the home of this fine piddock which attains large size and is excel- lent for eating. : Machera patula Dixon and Cardium corbis Mart. are also occa- sionally offered for sale in the Portland markets; and the Chinese eat the squid which is sometimes shipped here. The edible mussel, Mytilus edulis Linn. seldom finds its way so - far inland ; but still we seem to have our share of mollusks. 60 THE NAUTILUS. [CONTRIBUTED.] AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. SEPTEMBER 9, 1891. Though the usual notes have not appeared for some time in the Navutiwus, the work of the Association goes on. Judging from the correspondence received, there has been much activity among the members during the last summer and much valuable material has been collected. Quite a number of new members have been enrolled, and the new “ List of Members,” which will contain all their names, will be ready not later than September 30th and probably by Sep- tember 20th. If there are any new names to be proposed send them to the Secretary. Two of our members, Chas. W. Johnson, Secretary of the Associa- tion, and Wm, J. Fox, brought back with them from their Jamaica trip last spring a large amount of valuable material, collected by them in that island. Most of it has been presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences and the Wagner Institute, Philadelphia. Prof. Benjamin Sharp, Corresponding Secretary of the Academy of Natural Sciences, was a member of the Peary Expedition to Greenland. He returned home on the 7th inst. George T. Marston, Green Bay, Wis., recently paid a visit to Philadelphia and inspected the U. 8. Collection. He expressed himself as much pleased with its progress. He has been on vacation for the benefit of his health. President Campbell paid a flying trip to Washington in the early part of August and was the recipient of much courtesy from Profes- sor Dall, of the Smithsonian Institute. Prof. Dall is up to his eyes in work, and is one of the busiest of our members. A painstaking, conscientious student, he does everything well and stands among the foremost of living conchologists to-day. The Government is fortunate in having such a man at the head of its conchological work. Vice-President Ford has been summering along the New Jersey Coast and discovered several “finds” of living Naticas, Fulgurs, Solens, ete. He got tired collecting them, the specimens were so numerous. ‘There is no man in the United States, who can clean, prepare and mount shells as beautifully as Mr. Ford. His private collection, a labor of love for more than thirty years, is one of the finest in the country. Tue NavtTILus. VOL. v. OCTOBER, 1891. No. 6. MOLLUSKS OF SPOON RIVER, ILL. BY DR. W. 8. STRODE, BERNADOTTE, ILL. Spoon river is a tributary of the Illinois. Fora hundred miles from its junction with that stream its average width is about one hundred and fifty feet. It is a clear, swift-running stream, pursuing a sinuous course through a valley a half mile wide. Its banks are fringed by willows that here and there sweep the current in rhythmi- cal response to every passing breeze. Overshadowing this border are silver-leafed maples, elms, and intertwining undergrowth, and beyond, towering above all like gigantic sentinels, stand the monarchs of the forest—giant sycamores. No systematic study of the mollusks of this river has ever been made. Prof. Jno. Wolf, an aged naturalist of Canton, Ill., has made some researches, and probably knows more of the mollusks of the Illinois and Spoon Rivers than does any other living man, but he has written little of his discoveries. Some of the Unios found, attain a size and perfection of form rarely equalled by shells of the same species found elsewhere. This perfection is due to the fact that each species finds in the variety of deep and shallow water, swift and sluggish currents, deposits of black mud, blue clay, sand, rock, and gravel, or a mixture of all these, the environment most suitable for perfect development. Specimens of U. multiplicatus have been found over eight inches in length, and weighing three pounds. Margaritana complanata also 62 THE NAUTILUS. grows very large, one specimen found two years ago being nine inches long. A half a mile below the milldam at Bernadotte there is a noted mussel bed where for many years the fishermen have resorted for bait for their trout lines; here in a few minutes an ample supply of big fat mussels was to be had, and a catch of the toothsome channel cat assured. If an eel was desired the red meat of a trigonus was thought to be almost a sure means of luring the slippery Anguillide. Here within a space of two feet square I have taken at one time © such species as Unio plicatus, ventricosus gibbosus, asperrimus, pustulosus, tuberculatus, anodontoides, and Marg. rugosa. A little higher up in deeper water and muddier banks U. multiplicatus, and Marg. complanata were plentiful. A little lower down, where there was much sand, the U. occidens and anodontoides could be found by tracing the path made by them in moving about. A half mile further down stream are great ledges of rocks that in places project far out over the water. This is a favorite resort for pic-nics, fishing parties, and experts at throwing the gig or fish-spear can sometimes obtain fine buffalo or catfish that are disporting under the shadows of these immense rocks. At this picturesque point are to be found in considerable numbers, U. trigonus, gracilis, pustulosus, tuberculatus, and Jlevissimus. The latter, up to date, I have not succeeded in finding in any other location on the river. Above the dam, where the water for a distance of five miles is from eight to fourteen feet deep, the Ano. grandis and the little U. parvus are the main shells. Here also are to be found many Sphe- rium solidulum, and Paludina integra. The Physa heterostropha and Somatogyrus subglobosus I find below in more shallow water. On a large moss-covered rock I found at one time last fall large numbers of Plewrocera Lewisii, and in a few minutes gathered an oyster-can full. Visiting the locality again a few days later not one could I find, nor could I again locate them during the season. The pearl craze struck this village last fall and wagon loads of the larger species were carried ashore and eagerly opened with the expectation of finding pearls that would at once enrich the pos- sessor. ‘The mussel bed before mentioned was almost annihilated. The final summing up showed about one hundred pearls of various sizes and colors. These were sent to Geo. F. Kunz, gem expert with Tiffany & Co., N. Y., who reported them of little or no value. ‘ THE NAUTILUS. 63 I append a list of the mollusks that I have found to date. Unio multiplicatus Lea. Unio ventricosus Barnes. plicatus LeS. luteslus Lam. anodontoides Lea. ligamentinus Lam. rectus Lam. lacrymosus Lea. gracilis Barnes. cornutus Barnes. alatus Say. © elegans Lea. pustulosus Lea. zigzag Lea. tuberculatus Barnes. Marg. rugosa Barnes. metanevrus Raf. complanata Barnes. trigonus Lea. Anodonta grandis Say. coccineus Lea. | edentula Say. fragosus Cond. plana Lea. verrucosus Barnes. Paludina integra Say. parvus Barnes. Physa heterostropha Say. occidens Lea. Somatogyrus subglobosus Say. gibbosus Barnes. Spherium solidulum Prime. laevissimus Lea. Pleurocera lewisii Lea. asperrimus Lea. LOCAL VARIATION. BY REV. HENRY W. WINKLEY. A good title for nature would be “ Unity differentiated,” and the words may be used uot only of the whole, but of any part. Take as examples, the cell with its modifications, the class mollusca and its species, (an excellent comment on the variations as contribu- ted by Mr. Chas. T. Simpson, to the February NautiLus and reminds the writer of a few which are noted below.) A large continent is a grand field for the evolution of many varie- ties. Yet small areas often afford excellent examples of local varia- tion. I mention a few as seen in this State. Examples of Fusus Islandicus Gmel., from Eastport, Old Orchard or the Sheepscote now are before me. Specimens with about the same number of whorls vary greatly in size, being 3; 32, and 12 inches respectively. The color variations are also marked. 64 THE NAUTILUS. At Eastport numerous specimens of Chiton marmoreus Fabry. are found. In the midst of two hundred individuals distinctly marked with shades of red, one specimen was found whose color was a clear blue, a striking contrast in a species where there is much similarity. Buecinum undatum Linn. is famous for its color variations. Its form is strikingly modified. ‘Two specimens before me have the fol- lowing characters. Length 23, divergence 75°, and length 4 inches, divergence 50°. They are from near Eastport and Old Orchard respectively. The deep water specimens near Old Orchard are apt to be elongated. At the northern end of Grand Manan, (near East- port) a variety occurs which has no waves, and is thus deprived of the very characteristic which gives the name undatum to the species. Purpura lapillus Lamarck, is also famous for its variation in color; black, white and orange may be found, with multitudes of mixtures. The variation in thickness isconspicuous. Asarule this may be explained by its surroundings. Individuals on the open coast, exposed to the surf, are thick shelled, and in sheltered bays a thin shell suffices. I was much puzzled last summer to find them extremely thick at a point ten miles from the sea on the Sheepscote river. The situation being most sheltered I could not account for this extra strength. There is a possible explanation in the climate. The temperature at the sea shore is very much warmer than ten miles inland. Perhaps there is a protection against the cold in this case, where the surf is certainly not responsible. The fauna of the Sheepscote river has an unusual combination. As mentioned in a previous article, oysters are found living at a point some fifteen miles inland. There are representations of a more southern fauna a few miles nearer the sea, Pecten tenwicostatus Mighels & Adams is very abundant. ‘To return to the example mentioned, 7. e. Purpura lapillus and its dwelling place, we may observe another variation. The removal of a long pile from the bridge gave me a chance to examine the mollusca attached to it. Mytilus edulis, Linn. was conspicuous, also Saxicava and others. Those living in the deep water were delicate in color and texture, resembling forms found in warm water. Directly over these, between tide marks, occur specimens, as above noted, of extremely thick shells. These are but chance examples to illustrate a varia- tion which is as great as that seen in the human race. Could we perfect our knowledge of the lower forms we could name them as THE NAUTILUS. 65 individuals as we do men, and feel that each had some marks even though slight, to distinguish him from his companions. LIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED ON THE ISLANDS ST. THOMAS, ST. KITTS, BARBADOS, JAMAICA, AND AT PENSACOLA, FLOR- IDA ; WITH PREFATORY NOTES. —_ —— BY WILLIAM H. RUSH, M. D., U. & N. The first four months of 1891 were spent by the Pennsylvania School Ship Saratoga in cruising in the West Indies, the stops being at Bridgetown, Barbados; at Basseterre, St. Christopher’s Island ; at Charlotte-Amalia ; at Kingston, Jamaica, and at Pensacola, Fla. At Bridgetown, St. Leonard’s Church-yard and St. Agnes’ Ceme- tery were the chief resorts. In the former were seen many speci- mens of Bulimus oblongus, Mill, all buried, to within a whorl or two of the apex, in the damp-ground next to the vaults and under the roots of trees. They appear to be night vrowlers as the sexton stated that he had often observed them walking at night, especially when moonlight. Their eggs were discovered around the roots of trees upon the surface of the ground, but none were found buried with the animal in the burrow in the earth. In the latter cemetery were taken specimens of Helix, Streptazis, Stenogyra and Bulimulus. A narrow-gauge railroad crosses the island from Bridgetown to the eastern coast and advantage was taken of it to make a trip to Bathsheba Beach. At all the other islands carriage hire was too expensive and the time at my disposal too short for any extended trip, so footing it was resorted to as the only way to reach reasonably near hunting grounds. In this manner the deep gorges up in the mountains of St. Kitts, at an elevation of one or two thousand feet, were visited, and the delightful view from that elevation, the cool continuous trade wind, and the beautiful forms of vegetation almost caused the object of the journey to be forgotton. However, many specimens of Bulimulus, Helicina, Helix and Amphibulima were taken. On Jamaica, Long Mt. and Rockfort, both near Kingston, were visited at the suggestion of Mr. Henry Vendryes. At Mona House, 66 THE NAUTILUS. Long Mt., thousands of dead specimens of the genera Helix, Cylin- drella, Cyclotus, Choanopoma, etc. were observed, but only a few liv- ing Lucidella aureola Fér., were found. At Rockfort Orthalicus undatus Beck were seen estivating and a supply obtained, each epiphragm being carefully preserved. At Pensacola two cemeteries were visited. In the older one Helia (Deedalochila) pustula Fér., were tolerably abundant, and a few Hyalinia. In the newer one Helix (Mesodon) jejuna Say, var. Mobi- liana Lea, were seen in great numbers. As the soil is very sandy and as it had rained the night before, each shell was covered with a small heap of sand. They were found on the head and foot stones and on posts. They had crawled up from one to two feet from the ground. The following are the lists for the regions visited : West Indian Islands. Where no locality is mentioned it is to be understood that the specimens were found equally abundant at Barbados, St. Kitts and St. Thomas. No marine forms were collected at Kingston, Jamaica. 1. Hyalea limbata D’Orb. Surface N. Atlantic Ocean. 2.. Hyaleea gibbosa Rang. Surface N. Atlantic Ocean. 3. Cleodora pyramidata D’Orb. Surface N. Atlantic Ocean. 4. Styliola subula Quoy and Gaimard. Surface N. Atlantic Ocean. 5. Styliola, (Hyalocylix) striata Rang. Surface N. Atlantic Ocean. 6. Cuvieria columella Rang. Surface N. Atlantic Ocean. 7. Murex (Chicoreus) brevifrons Lam. St. Thomas. 8. Murex (Chicoreus) pomum Gmel. St. Thomas. 9. Purpura patula Linn. 10. Purpura hemastoma Linn. 11. Purpura undato Lam. 12. Purpura deltoidea Lam. 13. Ricinula (Sistrum) nodulosa Ad. St. Thomas. 14. ‘Triton nobilis Conrad. Purchased at St. Thomas. 15. Triton (Simpulum) pilearis Linn. St. Thomas. 16. Fasciolaria tulipa Linn. 17. Fasciolaria distans Lam. 18. Leucozonia cingulifera Lam. Bathsheba. 19. Cantharus Coromandelianus Lam. Bathsheba. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. dl. 32. 33. 34, 30. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42, 43. 44, 45, 46. 47. 48, 49, 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. lord THE NAUTILUS. 67 Phos Guadeloupensis Petit. St. Thomas. Nassa, vibex Say. St. Thomas. Mitra Barbadensis Gmelin. St. Thomas. Olivella sp. St. Thomas. Columbella mercatoria Linn. St. Thomas. Columbella (Nitidella) leevigtata Linn. Columbella (Nitidella) cribaria Lam. St. Kitts. Columbella sp. Barbabos. Conus mus Hwass. Barbados. Pleurotoma (Drillia) fuscescens Gray. Barbados. Semi-fossil. Strombus pugilus Linn. Purchased at St. Thomas. Strombus gallus Linn. Purchased at Barbados. Cassis flammea Linn. Purchased at Barbados. Cyprecassis testiculus Linn. Barbados. Vermetus varians D’Orb. St. Thomas. Eulima Jamaicensis C. B. Ad. St. Thomas. Littorina nodulosus Gmel. Littorina muricatus Linn. Littorina ziezac Chem. Littorina meleagus Beck. St. Thomas. Littorina sp. Barbados. Modulus lenticularis Chem. St.Thomas. Planaxis lineatus Da Costa. Planaxis nucleus Lam. Litiopa bombyx Rang. On gulf-weed, N. Atlantic Ocean. Cerithium (Lampanella) minimus Gmel. Cerithium (Lampanella) minimus vas se temstriatum Say. Cerithium (Lampanella) atratum Born. St. Thomas. Rissoina (Schwartziella) Chesnelii Mich. St. Thomas. Rissoina sp. St. Thomas. Choanopoma interruptum Lam. Two dead and badly weather-worn specimens, Long Mt. Tudora fecunda Ad. All dead, from Long Mt. Cyclotus Jamaicensis Ch. All dead, from Long Mt. Helicina sp. St. Kitts. Helicina Antillarum Sby. St. Kitts. Helicina induta Shuttl. St. Thomas. Helicina convexa Pfr. Bridgetown. Lucidella aureola Fér. Long Mt. Nerita fulgurans Gmel. 68 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 793. 7A. 70. 76. Wie 78. 79, 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. shile oz. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. THE NAUTILUS. Nerita tessellata Gmel. Nerita peloronta Linn. Nerita versicolor Gmel. Neritina virginea Linn. St. Thomas. Phasianella (Tricolia) umbilicata D’Orb. St. Thomas. — Astralium (Lithpoma) tuber Linn. Astralium brevispina Lam. St. Thomas. Livona pica Linn. Chlorostoma maculostriatum C. B. Ad. St. Thomas. Chlorostoma scalare Anton. St. Kitts. Chlorostoma fasciatum Born. St. Kitts. Chlorostoma excavatum Lam. Chlorostoma sp. St. Kitts. Fissurella (Cremides) nimbosa Linn. Fissurella (Cremides) nodosa Bom. Fissurella (Cremides) barbadensis Gmel. Glyphis listeri d’Orb. St. Thomas. Glyphis alternata Say. Subemarginula octoradiata Gmel. St. Thomas. Acmeea cubensis Rve. Barbados. Acmeea candeana d’orb. St. Kitts. Acmeea punctulata Lam. St. Thomas. Lepidopleurus pectinatus Say. Barbados. Lepidopleurus productus Rve. St. Thomas. Lophyrus marmoratus Chem. Lophyrus squamosus Linn. and vars. Lophyrus fasciatus Wood. Lophyrus assimilis Rve. Lophyrus ? viridis Spengl. St. Thomas. Acanthopleura piceus Gmel. Atlanta peronti Les. Surface N. A. Ocean. Oxygyrus keraudrenti Rang. Surface N. A. Ocean. Bulla striata Brug. St. Thomas. Aplysia sp. St. Thomas. Aplysia sp. St. Thomas. Streptaxis deformis Fér. Bridgetown. Hyalinia incisa Pfr. St. Kitts. Hyalinia indentatus Say. Pensacola, Fla. Helix (Microphysa) vertex Pfr. St. Thomas. Helix (Microphysa) subaquila Shuttl. Barbados. 99, 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. $19. 113. 114. 115. 116. TT. 118. 119. 120. O40 £57 123. 124, £555. 126. 12%, 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134, 135. 136. 137. 138. THE NAUTILUS. 69 Helix (Microphysa) sincera ad. Long Mt. Helix (Microphysa) perdepressa ad. Long Mt. Helix (Sagda) jayanard. Long Mt. Helix (Deedalochila) pustula Fer. Pensacola, Fla. Helix (Mesodon) jejuna Say var. Mobiliana Lea. Pensacola. Helix (Doreasia) similaris Fer. Bridgetown. Helix (Lucerna) sinuata Mill. Long Mt. dead spec. Helix (Lucerna) acuta Lam. var. lamarckii Fer. Long Mt. Bulimus oblongus Mull. Barbados. Bulimulus multifasciatus Lam. St. Kitts. Bulimulus exiles Gmel. Amphibulima patula Brug. St. Kitts. Orthalicus undatus Brug. Rockfort, Jam. Orthalicus zebra Mill. Bridgetown. Stenogyra beckiana Pfr. Bridgetown. Stenogyra octona Ad. Stenogyra subula Pfr. Long Mt. Stenogyra octonoides Ad. Bridgetown. Stenogyra leviusculus Ad. Jamaica. Cylindrella brevis Pfr. Long Mt. Cylindrella minuda Ad. Long Mt. Succinea augustior Ad. Rockfort. Succinea barbadensis Pfr. Bridgetown. Succinea approximans Shuttl. St. Thomas. Succinea sp. St. Kitts. Melampus pusillus? Gmel. St. Kitts. Pedipes mirabilis Muh]. Bathsheba and St. Kitts. Physa jamaicensis Ad. St. Thomas. Macoma constricta Burg. St. Kitts. Sanguinolaria sanguinolenta Gmel. St. Kitts. Donax denticulatus Linn. St. Kitts. Venus cancellata Chem. St. Thomas. Venus granulata Gmel. St. Thomas. Chama lazarus Linn. St. Thomas. Lucina trigerina L. Arca gradata Brod. Arca nos D’Orb. St. Thomas. Arca fusca Brug. Yg. of St. Thomas. Arca barbata Linn. Yg. of St. Kitts. Mytilus exustus Linn. 70 THE NAUTILUS. 139. Perna alatus Gmel. 140. Lima scabra Born. St. Kitts. 141. Semele decussata Gray. St. Thomas. 142. Semele orbiculataSay. St. Thomas. SYNOPSIS OF THE PRINCIPAL VARIETIES OF AGRIOLIMAX AGRESTIS (L.) BY T. D. A. COCKERELL. As this species is now quite extensively naturalized in America, and varies considerable, it is of interest to ascertain what varieties exist on this continent, and whether they are identical with those of Europe. The following table has been prepared as a guide to the identification of the more usual forms. In some cases varietal names have been interpreted rather more widely than used by their original authors, but a certain amount of modification must be allowed under varietal groupings, just as examples of a species must be admitted to diverge from the original type. A. Without Spots. (1) Ashy or pale ochreous” - - : - - *typicus Less & Poll. (2) Reddish-ochre - - - - - - vrufescens Less & Poll. (3) Reddish-ochre above, white beneath - - *succineus Westerlund. (4) Yellowish-amber, tentacles bluish-brown - - xanthosoma Fischer. (5) Purplish or lilac-brown - . - - - - lilacinus Mog. (6) Grey, rather dark - - : - - - - - griseus Ckll. (7) Greyish-white, mantle darker - - - - : cineraceus Moq. (8) Whitish or nearly white - - - - - - *albidus Picard. (9) Albino - - - - : - - - - - albus Ckll. (10) Very dark brown - - - : - - - - tristis Mogq. (11) Black - - - - - : - - - niger Butterell. B. Spotted or blotched. (12) With numerous black or blackish points - - - punctatus Picard. (13) With grey or blackish mottling - *sylvaticus Moq. (non Drap.) (14) Often reddish; spots blackish, inclining to reticulation on body *veticulatus Moq. (15) Grey, with black spots or mottling, tentacles fuscous *varzans Westerlund. (16) Grey, with black markings tending to coalesce, tentacles dark nigricans Westerlund. (17) Reddish-ochre, with obscure brownish mottling or brown spots. *obscurus Moq. THE NAUTILUS. rat The varieties marked with an asterisk have been found in Amer- ica. I have seen no American varieties that differ at all from those of Europe. Vars. sylvaticus, varians and succineus were sent to me by Mr. H. F. Wickham, who collected them at Portland, Oregon. This is, I believe, the first record of the species from the Pacific coast, but Mr. W. G. Binney informs me that he has L. agrestis from San Francisco. NOTES AND EXCHANGES. WESTERN RANGE OF BYTHINIA TENTACULATA.—This intro- duced European species is rapidly spreading in America, having already invaded a large part of Canada and New York. It has recently been found by Wm. H. DeCamp, M. D., in Black Lake, Ottawa Co., Michigan. Dr. DeCamp has deposited specimens in the collection of the American Association of Conchologists. HELIX ASPERSA IN CALIFORNIA.—Apropos of the remarks in the August Nautilus on Prof. R. E. Stearns’ “ List,” recording this snail from Puebla, Mexico, reminds me that I have some fine speci- mens of Helix (Pomatia) aspersa, collected in a garden in the city of San Jose, Santa Clara County, California, some twelve years ago; they were doubtless introduced by some of the European resi- dents of that place. Lorenzo G. Yates, Santa Barbara, Cal., Sept. 1891. ExcHAnGcrE.—W hat am I offered in exchange for a collection of California Land, Fresh-water and Marine shells containing 65 species and numbering 130 specimens? Have plenty of duplicate sets of the above collection. Address, Williard M. Wood, C. C., 2817 Clay Street, San Francisco, Cal. DR. GEORGE HEWSTON Diep Sept. 4, 1891. Dr. George Hewston, well-known to most American conchologists for his great interest in shells, died Sept. 4, at his residence, 1132 Sutter street, San Francisco, California, from Bright’s disease of the kidneys. He was born at Philadelphia on Sept. 11, 1826, 72 THE NAUTILUS. graduated from the University of Pennsylvania, and for a short period was demonstrator of anatomy in the Philadelphia College of Medicine. Dr. Hewston removed to San Francisco in 1860 and has practiced medicine there ever since. In addition he served one term as a member of the Board of Supervisors and at the time of his death was second Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences and Past Grand Master of Apollo Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Dr. Hewston was for many vears an enthusiastic collector and student of shells. Several species discovered by him bear hisname. Dr. Hewston leaves a widow, two sons and daughter, as well as a large circle of friends and correspondents to mourn his loss. NEW PUBLICATIONS. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE GroLogy oF Mrssourr. By F. A. Sampson. Published by the Geological Survey of Missouri. Mr. Sampson has given to the compilation of this bibliography the labor of several years. The result, an 8vo. of 178 pages, leaves little to be desired, and will be found indispensable to the student of the geology or paleontology of Missouri. Under each title, a brief résumé of the contents, or list of species described in each publica- tion, is given. ‘The amount of investigation and labor required for the production of such a volume can be appreciated only by those who have attempted similar projects. Mr. Sampson is to be con- gratulated upon the completion of his work—H. A. P. List oF SHELLS CoLLECTED ON THE West Coast oF SouTH AMERICA, etc. (From Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xiv, pp. 807-335). By Robt. E. C. Stearns, Adjunct Curator, Dept. of Moll., U. 8. Nat. Mus. Cochlostylide, etc. It would be well for them to attempt to give a family definition before using such terms. 70 THE NAUTILUS. labelled amussitata while genuine amussitata came as toreuma. I am by no means satisfied in my own mind, however, that the two last named are not one and the same species. HH. encosmius is a very distinct and easily recognized species and varies very little compared with other species of the genus. The figures in Reeve (Conch. Icon. pl. xvi, p. 36) are good and so are all those in the Manual of Conchology (vol. xiii, plate 71). Mr. Pilsbry in the Manual points out that Reeve applied the name P. variegata to two different species. The first described in Conchologia Systematica which appears to equal rota of Gmelin and the other in Conchologia Iconica twelve years later, this last being the species Mr. Pilsbry now names H. encosmius on the ground that the name variegata is preoccupied by Blainville for an unidentified species from Botany Bay. So far, so good, but Mr. Pilsbry next proceeds to quote asa syno- nym for his encosmius, H. variegatus Dall, Amer. Jour. of Conch., vi, p. 277, but this was Reeve’s first variegatus = rota Gmel., as Dall himself surmised. Consequently Dall’s localities (which Pilsbry has copied) are clearly incorrect when applied to encosmius: My own impression is that the true H. encosmius Pilsbry (==vari- egatus Rve., Conch. Icon., pl. xvi, f. 36) is a species restricted to Japanese and Chinese waters, while the localities “Suez (Fischer) and Red Sea and Gulf of Akaba (Smithsonian Cabinet),” given by Dall and copied into the Manual are correct for rota Gmel. (= variegatus Rve., Conch. Syst. 11, pl. 186, p. 1). The remaining locality given in the Manual, viz., “ Australia” (Rve.), is also, I think, an error, although I have received from dealers specimens of encosmius which they assured me had come from there. I should have mentioned above that although Dr. Dall in his paper in the American Journal of Conchology is writing evidently of rota, not of encosmius, he quotes both of Reeve’s figures as though referring to the same species. [CoMMUNICATED. | AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CONCHOLOGISTS. PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 28, 1892. Since the publication of the list of members, there have been admitted to the Association, the following new members: THE NAUTILUS. 71 Mrs. Anita F. Douredoure, 2203 Spring Garden St., Philadel- phia, Pa. Subject—Cypreide. Miss E. H. Pitman, Box 295, Bristol, R. I. Subject—Mollusca of New England. John W. Palmer, Union League Club, Chicago, Il. Subject— (not chosen yet). Warren W. Herman, 149 Emerson St., Boston, Mass. Subject —(not chosen yet). Wm. H. Weeks, Jr., of Brooklyn, N. Y. has chosen for his sub- ject of special study, the genus Bulimus. In reference to the suggestion of a Convention of the members to be held at Chicago next summer, there have been but few responses as yet. The idea, however, will probably grow, and the members may become interested in it. It is merely a suggestion as yet and of course, will amount to nothing unless the majority of members think it a good thing. Let us hear from the members. John H. Thomson of New Bedford, Mass., writes: “I like the suggestion of a Congress of Conchologists at the World’s Fair next year.” Dr. W.S. Strode is in full accord with the idea as may be seen from the following letter : Lewistown, Ill., Sept. 7, 1892. JOHN H. CAMPBELL, Esa. Dear Sir.—Y our idea suggested in last Nautriius to have a Convention during the World’s Fair of the “Amer. Asso. Con- chologists” is just the thing. I am heartily in favor of it and think it would double the pleasure of a visit to Chicago, at least in my case, to meet the Conchologists face to face, and form an acquaintance that has been hitherte only on paper. Let’s have it by all means and then thoroughly discuss, review and possibly revise our loved shells. If this can be done, I would not miss going to the World’s Fair, for anything. Yours truly, W.S. STRODE. Mrs. M. Burton Williamson, of University P. O., Cal., has pre- pared and published (by Smithsonian Institution) “ An Annotated List of the Shells of San Pedro Bay and Vicinity.” It is a valu- able list and highly creditable to the author. We have had occa- sion already, to use it in connection with the collection of the Amer. Association and find it of the greatest value. Several new species of Prof. Dall’s are described and figured. 712 THE NAUTILUS. Want of space in this issue of the Nautrius will postpone the publication until next month of the acknowledgment of shells received for the “ American Collection.” ’ The officers of the Association would like to hear from the mem- bers in reference to the purposes, objects and workings of the Asso- ciation. Suggestions are always received with much pleasure as it aids them in their work. A short resumé of work performed dur- ing the past summer by each member would make an interesting article in next NautiLus, and we have no doubt that Messrs. Pilsbry and Johnson will gladly throw open its columns for that purpose, as they have already done for this series of articles on the Association. 7 J. He: NOTES AND NEWS. \ Errata. In the September Navrizius, p. 54, in fourth line from top, read “ leviuscula” in place of “ texana.” There is no H. texand. THE Untonrp of Spoon River, Fulton Co., Ia., are enumerated and intelligently discussed by Dr. W. 8. Strode in the American Naturalist for June. ’ Epiror Nautitus:—I see that in Mr. Cockerell’s article in the July number, page 31, “ Notes on the North American Species of Succinea,” he says, “ (17) S. stretchiana Bland. I have seen this from San Francisco, Cal. (G. W. Michael), sent by Mr. Singley. It seems to be a small species, etc.” During the seven years that I have been collecting in this county I have never found nor have I heard of the above species being found here. ‘The only Succinea to be found in this county, to my knowledge, is S. oregonensis. If Mr. Michael or Mr. Singley have any of the said species to spare, will they kindly send to my address a few of them for examination and comparison as also the exact locality whence they were obtained and oblige. I doubt whether Dr. J. G. Cooper and Wm. J. Raymond, two gentlemen who have collected species from this county during the past fifteen years or so have ever found S. stretchiana Bld. here. | Yours truly, Williard M. Wood, Hr NAUTILUS. VoL. VI. NOVEMBER, 1892. No. 7 CATALOGUE OF THE GENUS PARTULA. _ BY W. D. HAHDREAN; M: D. In the following pages is offered an arrangement of the species of the genus Partula into groups according to their natural affinities. The number now known is nearly a hundred species. Specimens of nearly all of which I have personally examined, either in my own collection, in the magnificent collection of HARPER PEASE, or in the museums of Paris, Geneva, etc. A description of the animal is also given. In the next paper the geographical distribution of the leading forms will be discussed. The animal is terrestrial and viviparous, the body covered by a mantle as in Helix, blunt before, tail long and gradually tapering. Tentacles four, retractile, the upper having the eyes at their tips, collar and labial processes largely developed, no mucous pore, distinct locomotive disc, or parallel furrows alongside of the foot; anal and respiratory orifices in the collar opening on the exterior angle of the shell; organs of generation united, the orifice behind and below the right eye peduncle, matrix ample and occupying much space in the body cavity, often containing several shells of two or three whorls, beside eggs arranged in succession as developed. Theembryo shells exhibit spiral rows of fovea beginning at the apex, which after extrusion are continued asspiral striz. The jaw is very transparent and of a light horn color, slightly arcuate, and more or less atten- uated at the ends; the whole anterior surface of the jaw is furnished 74 THE NAUTILUS. with delicate narrow, separated ribs which break the continuity of either margin and run obliquely to the median line where they form a triangular space of ribs of unequal length, which do not reach the lower margin; the number of ribs on each side of the median line, vary in the same species, as well as in the different species, the whole number in each jaw varying from fifty-five to ninety-six ; the lingual membrane is broad and the denticles vary in size in the different species some being narrower than others. Shell dextral or sinistral, varying from oblong ovate, to conic ovate, and from solid to thin and translucent or hyaline. Labium often flat, and widely reflected, occasionally revolute or concave, aperture ovate, or auriform, more or less contracted by the wide and often dentate columella. Surface with minute spiral strize which are punctulate at the apex. This genus may conveniently be divided into two subgenera: Partula (in the restricted sense) and Diplomorpha. The species of true Partula I divide into two divisions and thirteen groups, each of which is named for a characteristic species. I. Aurtrorm Division. 1. Faba Group. P. faba Martyn. P. navigatoria Pfr. P. citrina Pse. P. planilabra Pse. P. vittata Pse. P. fusca Pse. P. radiata Pse. P. faba. 2. Auriculata Group. P. auriculata Brod. P. compacta Pse. P. thala Garrett. P. bilineata Pease. 8. Dentifera Group. P. dentifera Pfr. P. formosa Pse. P. califera Pfr. P. imperforata Pse., MS. P. virginea Pse., MS. P. dentifera, THE NAUTILUS. 4. Lutea Group. P. lutea. P. lutea Lesson. 5. Umbilicata Group. P. umbilicata. P. gibba. P. hebe. P. umbilicata Pse. P. crasstlabris Pse. P. gibba Pfr. a. neve F fr. P. bicolor Pse. 6. Otaheitana Group. P. otaheitana Brug. P. lignaria Pse. P. vanikorensis Q. & G. P. producta Pse. P. mooreana Hartm. P. nodosa Pfr. P. lineata Less. P. stolida Pse. P. suturalis Pfr. Po pilosa: Pir: P. garrettii Pse. 7. Teeniate Group. P. minima Hartm. P. regularis Hartm. P. micans Hartm. P. corneola Hartm. Po rteriensis. P. woodlarkiana Hartm. P. teniata Morch. P. hastula Hartm. P. micans Pfr. P. clara Pfr. P. carteriensis Q. & G. P. hyalina Mod. P. attenuata Pse. P. Hartmani Smith. P. cinerea Albers. P. flecuosa Hartm. 75 76 THE NAUTILUS. P. lyrata Mouss. P. concinna Pse. P. levigata Pfr. P. Coai Angas. P. pellucida Pse. P. kubaryi Hartm. P. simulans Hartm. P. pellucida Pse. ( Zo be concluded.) ANNOTATED LIST OF ALABAMA LAND MOLLUSCA. BY F. E. SARGENT, WOODVILLE, ALA. Those familiar with the scarcity of land mollusca in the northern prairie States will appreciate the pleasure which one experiences in coming from Minnesota to Northern Alabama. With headquarters upon the top of Cumberland Mountain in Jackson Co., it has been my pleasure during the past five months to do some collecting of land mollusca, the result of which may be of interest. The topography of the region is quite varied. The summit of the mountain is comparatively level, rather sandy and covered with timber. About half way down we come to the “ benches” which are covered with lime-rocks. In most cases the flat rocks are piled one upon another forming excellent retreats for the smaller forms. At the foot of the mountain the “ coves” are level and in places covered with heavy open timber. The following list is doubtless far from complete, as but a small portion of the region outside of a radius of two miles from Wood- ville has been searched. 1. Selenites concava Say. Large form. Common, mostly on benches. 2. Zonites fuliginosus Griff. Frequent on benches. 3. Z. levigatus Pfr. Common on benches. 4. Z. ligerus Say. Large form. Few very fine. 5. Z.intertextus Binn. Few on top. 6. Z. arboreus Say. Common on top.